苦楝果实活性物质对植物生长调节作用

应用生物活性鉴定技术,ＴＬＣ及化学成分检验法,论证了苦楝果实中含有对植物生长促进的活性性质,并初步证明这些活性物质为极性较大的萜类化合物,笔者将这些活性物质为“苦楝生长素类”。     

苦楝种核提取物对蛙神经干动作电位的影响

用电生理学方法观察了苦楝种核提取物对蛙离体神经干A，C类纤维动作电位幅度和传导速度的影响，结果显示：浓度为0．1g／ml的苦楝种核提取物对A，C两类纤维复合动作电位的幅度和传导速度均有明显的抑制效应，且C类纤维复合动作电位先于A类纤维被阻断。     

苦楝果提取物对桑天牛产卵量及卵孵化率的影响

以用一定浓度的苦楝果提取物处理的构树枝条作为天牛的食物 ,研究了其对桑天牛产卵及卵孵化的影响。在室温下用苦楝果提取物 5 0 0mg/kg处理枝条 ,处理组天牛 ( 7对 )在1 5天试验中 ,7对天牛日平均产卵量为 8.5 3± 2 .35个 ,而对照组 7对天牛日平均产卵量为1 5 .80± 0 .98个。经T检验处理组与对照组之间差异极显著。用 2 5 0、1 0 0 0、2 0 0 0mg/kg的苦楝果提取物处理枝条 ,在 1 5天试验中 ,7对天牛日平均产卵量分别为 8.0 6± 2 .90、6.73± 3.82、5 .2 0± 1 .74个 ,而对照组 7对天牛的日平均产卵量为 1 3.73± 2 .90个。经T检验它们与对照之间差异极显著。取食含苦楝果提取物 2 5 0、1 0 0 0、2 0 0 0mg/kg处理枝条后 ,天牛产的卵分别需经 1 2、1 5、1 9d达到其最终孵化率 94.2 1 %、87.1 2 %、43.5 8% ;而对照组 1 1d达到最终孵化率 99.5 0 %。并据上述结果提出并讨论了应用苦楝果提取物防治桑天牛的前景     

Two New C‐seco Limonoids from the Fruit of Melia azedarach

A phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Melia azedarach led to the isolation of two new C‐seco‐nimbolinin‐type limonoids, 3α‐acetoxy‐1α,7α‐dihydroxy‐12α‐methoxynimbolinin ( 1 ) and 3α‐acetoxy‐1α,12α‐dihydroxy‐7α‐(2‐methylprop‐2‐enoyl)nimbolinin ( 2 ), together with eleven known compounds, 3 – 13 . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY, and HR‐FAB‐MS.     

New lactoyl glycoside quercetin from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melia azedarach</Emphasis> leaves

In the course of phytochemical investigations of Melia azedarach leaves, a novel cinnamoyl glycoside, cinnamoyl-1-α-L-rhamnoside (1), and a novel acylated quercetin triglycoside, quercetin-3-O-[rhamnosyl 1→6(4″-lactoyl glucoside)]-4′-O-glucoside (2), have been isolated and characterized on the basis of spectroscopic methods, together with the six known flavonoid compounds kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-rhamnoside, and the aglycones quercetin and kaempferol. All isolated compounds have been evaluated for their structures by chromatographic methods, chemical degradation, and UV and NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of the extract was studied as well. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 12–14, January–February, 2008.     

Two New Nimbolinin‐Type Limonoids from the Fruits of Melia toosendan

Two new nimbolinin‐type limonoids, 12‐ethoxynimbolinins E and F ( 1 and 2 , resp.), together with seven known analogues, 1α‐benzoyloxy‐3α‐acetoxyl‐7α‐hydroxy‐12β‐ethoxynimbolinin ( 3 ), nimbolinin B ( 4 ), meliatoosenin L ( 5 ), 14,15‐deoxy‐11‐oxohavanensin 3,12‐diacetate ( 6 ), 12α‐hydroxymeliatoosenin ( 7 ), toosendansin A ( 8 ), and toosendansin C ( 9 ), were isolated from the fruits of Melia toosendan. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five tumor cell lines.     

毛红楝子的育苗试验研究

采集处理毛红楝子的种子,对种子主要参数进行观测分析,并通过对其育苗方法的试验,初步研究了毛红楝子的育苗技术、苗期生长规律.结果表明：毛红楝子大田育苗播种量以4～5g/m2为宜,1年生苗高平均可达97cm,地径平均0.95cm,根系发达,可出圃造林;苗高生长高峰在7月下旬至9月中旬,期间应加强水肥管理,促进苗木生长.     

苦楝果实植物杀虫剂的开发研究

报道了用苦楝果实制备植物杀虫剂－“灭虫萜”的研究结果。通过室内、小区和大面积推广试验，使用“灭虫萜”乳剂，稀释浓度为２００－５００倍，对菜青虫防效为８９．６７％－９６．６７％、棉蚜防效为７６．７８％－８０．５３％等多种农业害虫有较好的防治效果。     

金沙江干热河谷植被恢复初期的群落特征

对金沙江干热河谷上游鹤庆段退耕地人工恢复植被(川楝 Melia toosendan)初期的(1～4a)生物量以及林下草本层物种多样性进行了比较研究.结果表明,川楝对干热河谷环境有较强的适应性,早期生长良好、郁闭度高、积累的生物量大.但不同坡向之间存在较大的差异:南坡上的单株以及各器官的生物量干重均较北坡高;南、北坡上川楝的单株、干、枝、根生物量分别为(25.246±0.586)kg、(14.986±0.203)kg、(4.634±0.212)kg、(5.626±0.223)kg和(16.580±0.206)kg、(8.544±0.087)kg、(2.895±0.067)kg、(5.141±0.074)kg.在单株及各器官含水率方面,南、北坡上川楝人工林除了根部有极显著差异(p＜0.01),其他部分差异均不显著.林下物种多样性的比较研究表明,川楝林的种植改善了退耕地中植被的生长环境,林下植被多样性及丰富度均得到了较大程度的提高.     

苦楝种子油中的三萜

为阐苦楝种子油的杀虫机理，笔者从中分离出两种三萜类化合物，应用红外光谱、核磁共振，高分辨质谱等技术，证明它们为楝酮和楝醇。