苦楝果实活性物质对植物生长调节作用

应用生物活性鉴定技术,ＴＬＣ及化学成分检验法,论证了苦楝果实中含有对植物生长促进的活性性质,并初步证明这些活性物质为极性较大的萜类化合物,笔者将这些活性物质为“苦楝生长素类”。     

苦楝种核提取物对蛙神经干动作电位的影响

用电生理学方法观察了苦楝种核提取物对蛙离体神经干A，C类纤维动作电位幅度和传导速度的影响，结果显示：浓度为0．1g／ml的苦楝种核提取物对A，C两类纤维复合动作电位的幅度和传导速度均有明显的抑制效应，且C类纤维复合动作电位先于A类纤维被阻断。     

Vitrifolin A: A Norlabdane Diterpenoid from the Fruits of Vitex trifolia Linn. var. simplicifolia Cham

A new norlabdane diterpenoid, named vitrifolin A, was isolated from the fruits of Vitex trifolia Linn. var. simplicifolia Cham. Its structure was elucidated by mean of spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR. The inhibitory effect of vitrifolin A on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccarideactivated mouse macrophages was also evaluated.     

中国接骨木属花粉表面纹饰类型的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对中国接骨木属12种花粉的表面纹饰进行了观察、拍照,总结出中国接骨木属花粉表面纹饰具有两种类型,分别为穴状纹饰和网状纹饰,为中国接骨木属的系统分类提供了可靠的分类依据.     

于桥水库菹草过度生长对水质的影响及成因分析

通过对于桥水库水生植物种群群落和生物量的调查,分析水质监测成果和影响菹草生长的因素,研究菹草过度生长对水库水质的影响,探究于桥水库菹草疯长发生成因.对Lambert-Beer定律公式进行变换,分析水下太阳辐照度与水深和透明度的关系.结果表明:在菹草死亡腐败期,过量菹草衰亡释放的高营养盐和有机质对水质影响较大,恶化程度近1倍,持续时间约为1周;导致于桥水库出现菹草疯长现象的主要原因是光照度、透明度、水深和水温等条件;当透明度一定时,4月水位提高1,m,水下太阳辐照度将降低56.5%,菹草所能获得的光照能量大大减少,从而抑制了菹草过度生长.以Lambert-Beer定律为理论依据,提出采用提高水位、改变高水位运行时间抑制菹草过度生长的新方法.     

野生植物刺天茄和鸡蛋参的营养成分分析

 对野生植物刺天茄和鸡蛋参的营养成分进行了分析,结果表明,刺天茄和鸡蛋参中含有多种营养成分,丰富的矿质元素和维生素及β-胡萝卜素,其中至少含有17种氨基酸.为开发利用其植物提供了科学依据.     

苦楝果提取物对桑天牛产卵量及卵孵化率的影响

以用一定浓度的苦楝果提取物处理的构树枝条作为天牛的食物 ,研究了其对桑天牛产卵及卵孵化的影响。在室温下用苦楝果提取物 5 0 0mg/kg处理枝条 ,处理组天牛 ( 7对 )在1 5天试验中 ,7对天牛日平均产卵量为 8.5 3± 2 .35个 ,而对照组 7对天牛日平均产卵量为1 5 .80± 0 .98个。经T检验处理组与对照组之间差异极显著。用 2 5 0、1 0 0 0、2 0 0 0mg/kg的苦楝果提取物处理枝条 ,在 1 5天试验中 ,7对天牛日平均产卵量分别为 8.0 6± 2 .90、6.73± 3.82、5 .2 0± 1 .74个 ,而对照组 7对天牛的日平均产卵量为 1 3.73± 2 .90个。经T检验它们与对照之间差异极显著。取食含苦楝果提取物 2 5 0、1 0 0 0、2 0 0 0mg/kg处理枝条后 ,天牛产的卵分别需经 1 2、1 5、1 9d达到其最终孵化率 94.2 1 %、87.1 2 %、43.5 8% ;而对照组 1 1d达到最终孵化率 99.5 0 %。并据上述结果提出并讨论了应用苦楝果提取物防治桑天牛的前景     

Two New C‐seco Limonoids from the Fruit of Melia azedarach

A phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Melia azedarach led to the isolation of two new C‐seco‐nimbolinin‐type limonoids, 3α‐acetoxy‐1α,7α‐dihydroxy‐12α‐methoxynimbolinin ( 1 ) and 3α‐acetoxy‐1α,12α‐dihydroxy‐7α‐(2‐methylprop‐2‐enoyl)nimbolinin ( 2 ), together with eleven known compounds, 3 – 13 . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY, and HR‐FAB‐MS.     

The Performance of Jatropha Curcas Linn. Capsule Husk as Feedstocks Biogas in One Phase Anaerobic Digestion

Jatropa curcas Linn. (JcL) capsule husk was not recommended as biogas feedstocks. However for biorefinery purpose, several technologies have been conducting to solve this problem. This research reported quantity and quality comparison of Dry Husk Jcl (DH-JcL) in one phase system of batch digester compare with semi continuous digester. HDPE drum of 80 L working volume used as digester with 40 days hydraulic retention time. Feeding of DH-Jcl and solvent water was mixed on concentration of 1: 8. Research conclusion showed that semi continuous digester was better than batch digester. Biogas quality showed that methane content can reach 66.61% to 83.15% and biogas quantity in semi continuous digester can reach 0.016 m³ · kg^–1 DH JcL. The result was not in optimize condition yet because ratio number of volatile fatty acids/ alkalinity showed 0.5, it was indicated unstable anaerobic degradation process of DH-JcL.     

New lactoyl glycoside quercetin from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melia azedarach</Emphasis> leaves

In the course of phytochemical investigations of Melia azedarach leaves, a novel cinnamoyl glycoside, cinnamoyl-1-α-L-rhamnoside (1), and a novel acylated quercetin triglycoside, quercetin-3-O-[rhamnosyl 1→6(4″-lactoyl glucoside)]-4′-O-glucoside (2), have been isolated and characterized on the basis of spectroscopic methods, together with the six known flavonoid compounds kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-rhamnoside, and the aglycones quercetin and kaempferol. All isolated compounds have been evaluated for their structures by chromatographic methods, chemical degradation, and UV and NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of the extract was studied as well. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 12–14, January–February, 2008.