香港东部红树林区大型底栖动物种类组成与数量分布特点

１９９４年夏季和冬季对香港１４片红树林的大型底栖动物作了定性和定量调查．调查期间采得的底栖动物７３种,其中多毛类２种,软体动物５２种,甲壳动物１９种．环境因素如底质、盐度和潮汐的不同导致底表动物群落组成的差别．沙头角红树林区底表动物群落多样性指数低与附近丢弃许多垃圾有关．     

深圳湾福田红树林湿地水鸟的周年动态

于１９９４年１月至１２月对深圳湾福田一侧红树林区的水鸟进行了周年观察,共记录到水鸟种类９目１４科７９种．分析了水鸟群落的种类和多样性组成以及水鸟迁徙动态,该地区水鸟种类以鹭类、鸭类、行鸟鹬类和鸥类为主,大多为迁徙鸟类,全年水鸟群落变动可分为４个阶段：越冬期、春季迁徙期、夏季繁殖期,秋季迁徙期．     

Eight new polyketide metabolites from the fungus Pestalotiopsis vaccinii endogenous with the mangrove plant Kandelia candel (L.) Druce

Seven new prenylated phenols, vaccinols A–G (1–7), and one new naphthalene derivative, vaccinal A (8), together with five known phenol derivatives (9–13) were isolated from Pestalotiopsis vaccinii (cgmcc3.9199) endogenous with the mangrove plant Kandelia candel (L.) Druce (Rhizophoraceae). The new structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, optical rotation, CD spectra, quantum ECD calculations. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of compound 1 was unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using the Flack parameter. Most new compounds were tested for their antiviral (EV71), cytotoxic, antituberculosis, and anti-inflammatory effects. Among them, compound 8 exhibited in vitro anti-enterovirus 71 (EV71) with IC₅₀ value of 19.2 μM. In addition, 8 showed potent COX-2 inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of 1.8 μM.     

中国濒危红树植物红榄李的种群数量及其分布

红树植物红榄李[Lum n itzera littorea(Jack.)V o igt]在我国现存仅有359株左右,全部分布在海南,极度濒危。具体地点为三亚铁炉港(9株)、陵水大墩村(约340株)、海口的东寨港(10株,移植)。只有陵水的红榄李在一定程度上具有自我繁殖能力。红榄李具有双花期,可与榄李(L.racem osa)混生。红榄李种子萌发率低,人为干扰严重是影响红榄李种群生存的主要原因。建议把陵水大墩村红树林分布区设为保护区,恢复红榄李生境,抢救我国目前唯一一处尚具有自我繁殖潜力的红榄李野生种群。     

Degradation of commercially important polyhydroxyalkanoates in tropical mangrove ecosystem

This paper presents the degradation trends of selected polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) films in a tropical mangrove environment. The biodegradability of homopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] and its co-polymers, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-5 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-5 mol% 3HV)] and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-5 mol% 3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-5 mol% 3HHx)], was investigated along with P(3HB) films containing 38 wt% titanium dioxide (TiO₂) [P(3HB)-38 wt% TiO₂]. The degradation of these formulations was monitored for 8 weeks at three different zones in an intermediate mangrove compartment along Sungai Pinang, adjacent to a famous fishing village on south of Penang Island. The degradation rate was observed both on the surface and in the sediment and was expressed in percentage of weight loss. The microbial enumeration done using sediment from the different zones indicated similar colony-forming unit (CFU) counts even though differences were noticed in the degradation profile of the various films in the respective zones. The results obtained revealed that co-polymers disintegrated at similar or higher rate than the homopolymer, P(3HB). However, the incorporation of TiO₂ into PHB films caused the degradation rate of P(3HB)-38 wt% TiO₂ composite film to be far slower than all the other PHA films. The overall rate of degradation of all PHA films placed on the sediment surface was slower than those buried in the sediment. Microscopic analyses showed that the surface morphology of P(3HB-co-5 mol% 3HHx) was more porous compared to P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-5 mol% 3HV) films, which may be an important factor for its rapid degradation.     

盐度对秋茄幼苗的生长和水分代谢的效应

探讨了不同盐度海水砂培 45～47 d的秋茄幼苗的生长特性和水分代谢状况。结果表明:5～10‰的低盐度对高度生长以及5～15‰的低盐度对根、茎、叶和总生物量具有正刺激效应;高盐度(20‰以上)起抑制作用。随着盐度的提高,叶片变小,根/苗、根/叶生物量率曲线呈上升(盐度 0～5‰)至平缓(盐度 5～15‰)到上升(盐度 20～25‰)至陡升(盐度 25～35‰)趋势。盐度的提高,叶片水势、蒸腾速率、气孔导度降低而扩散阻力提高。最适生长的盐度在5～15‰之间;更高的盐度虽可生长,但已受胁迫,表现为生态抗盐适应性。     

六种红树植物的抗寒特性研究

为了扩大红树林栽培，进行北移试种前在低温控制室的低温处理试验，探索不同的红树种类的抗寒特性。结果表明：在受害温度以上的低温处理时，红树植物幼苗叶片电解质渗出率与处理温度关系不大，但有滞后现象；在临近受害低温处理下，白骨壤出现严重受温度为０℃～－２℃，海莲略高于０℃，秋茄，桐花树，木榄，尖瓣海莲则低于－２℃。这些结果可以作为引种驯化工作的依据之一。     

广西红海榄群落的生物量和生产力

讨论了广西合浦县山口英罗湾70年生的红海榄群落的生物量和生产力,测定结果表明,红海榄群落的生物量为29158.0g/m~2,其中地上部为19621.2g/m~2,地下部为9536.8g/m~2,支柱根的生物量占群落总生物量的25.28％,是红海榄极为重要的组成部分,也是红海榄不同于其他植物的特点,该群落1989年的净初级生产量为1537.1g/m~2,其中年凋落物量为631.3g/m~2。     

盐度对桐花树幼苗根茎叶膜保护系统的影响

研究了红树植物桐花树幼苗根茎叶各器官在不同盐分处理下，蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶及膜脂质过氧化作用的变化情况。结果表明：随着盐分的增加，叶和根的蛋白质含量均有所下降，而茎的蛋白质含量则有所升高。各器官膜脂质过氧化作用随盐度增加都有增加．过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性随盐度增加则有微弱下降或基本保持稳定，而超氧化物歧化酶活性则表现出较为明显的下降趋势，讨论了桐花树幼苗在盐度存在情况下膜脂质过氧化作用和膜保护酶系统的关系。     

秋茄幼苗抗盐的生理特性

不同盐度(0～35)海水砂培红树植物秋茄幼苗的试验结果表明:1)随着生长基盐度的提高,幼苗叶片叶绿素含量提高,其中在低盐度(0～5)和高盐度(20～35)提高最为显著,2)幼苗叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量随生长基盐度提高而提高,尤其在高盐度25～35,不同盐度对根可溶性蛋白含量无明显影响,3)幼苗各组分Cl含量在不同盐度条件下累积方式不同,其中根的Cl含量随盐度从0～35提高而提高,但叶、茎和原胚轴的Cl含量在盐度超过30就不再提高,盐分较大部分被截留于根部。