Influence of poly(aminoquinone) on corrosion inhibition of iron in acid media

The inhibitor performance of chemically synthesized water soluble poly(aminoquinone) (PAQ) on iron corrosion in 0.5 M sulphuric acid was studied in relation to inhibitor concentration using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. On comparing the inhibition performance of PAQ with that of the monomer o-phenylenediamine (OPD), the OPD gave an efficiency of 80% for 1000 ppm while it was 90% for 100 ppm of PAQ. PAQ was found to be a mixed inhibitor. Besides, PAQ was able to improve the passivation tendency of iron in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ markedly.     

Potentiometric Biosensors Based on ISFETs and Immobilized Cholinesterases

This paper describes the authors' achievements in the development, investigation, and application of cholinesterase biosensors based on ISFETs. Various biosensors for determination of concentrations of different toxic substances (organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides, hypochlorite, glycoalkaloids) were designed on the basis of reversible and/or irreversible enzyme inhibition effects. The main analytical characteristics of the biosensors developed have been studied under different conditions and optimal experimental protocols for toxic substances determination have been proposed. Most of these biosensors show a high reproducibility and a good operational and storage stability. A quite good correlation with results obtained through routinely used standard methods as HPLC has been shown.     

茶碱对聚苯胺尿酸酶电极的生物电化学活性的抑制

用聚苯胺尿酸酶电极研究了茶碱对固定酶的影响，结果表明，茶碱对固定尿酶酶有明显的抑制作用，但这种抑制作用是可逆的，在茶碱的存在下，ＰＨ对酶电极的响应电流影响与无茶碱存在时不同；在０．２－０．５Ｖ之间，酶电极的响应电流随电位加而迅速升高，当电位进一步升高时，其变化速度减慢，茶碱使尿酶酶催化反应的活化能从无抑制剂存在的时的２９．９ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１提高到４７．８ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１，即抑制剂改变了尿酸催化     

Kinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) by a cellulase complex

TheSomogyi-Nelson colorimetric method is applied in a new manner more suitable for evaluating the kinetics of the enzyme hydrolysis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) catalyzed by the cellulase complex. By means of selective inhibition of a chosen enzyme from the cellulase complex it became possible to trace the effect of the other enzymes included in its composition.

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Kinetik und Mechanismus der Hydrolyse von Natriumcarboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) durch einen Cellulase-Komplex

Zusammenfassung Die kolorimetrische Methode nachSomogyi undNelson wird nach einem neuen Verfahren zur Verfolgung der Kinetik der hydrolytischen Spaltung von Natriumcarboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), katalysiert durch den Cellulase-Komplex, angewandt. Durch selektive Inhibierung eines bestimmten Enzyms des Cellulase-Komplexes kann man die Wirkung der anderen zu seiner gesamten Zusammensetzung gehörenden Enzyme verfolgen.

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Symbols Used E enzyme (E—cellulase;E—exo-cellobiohydrolase;E—-glucosidase) - [E] _w weight concentration of enzymeE - S substrate (Na-CMC—sodium carboxymethylcellulose) - [S]₀ weight concentration of substrateS - I inhibitor (I—lactose;I—calcium chloride;I—condurrite-B-epoxide) - P product (P—oligosaccharides;P—cellobiose;P—D-glucose) - P end product (K , K , K ) - DP degree of polymerization - DS degree of substitution - ES enzyme-substrate complex (E S, E S, E S) - EP enzyme-product complex (E P, E P) - EI enzyme-inhibitor complex (E I, E I, E I) - M _s molecular mass of substrateS - K _s substrate constant (K _s , K _s , K _s ) - K _I inhibitor constant (K _I , K _I , K _I ) - K _m Michaelis-Menten constant - k ₊₁,k ₊₂ (k ₊₂ ,k ₊₂ ,k ₊₂ ) forward rate constants - k _–1 reverse rate constant - ₀ initial rate of reaction - V maximal reaction rate - A change in absorbance - molar absorption coefficient - wavelength Herrn Prof. Dr.Hans Tuppy zum 60. Geburtstag herzlichst gewidmet.     

Characterisation of inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase by an automated amperometric flow-injection system

Acetylcholinesterase was immobilised on magnetic particles and integrated in a flow-injection system via a magnetic reactor. Enzyme activity was determined amperometrically using acetylthiocholine chloride as enzyme substrate. This system was applied to enzyme inhibition tests. Inhibition constants and lower detection limits were determined for carbofuran, paraoxon, malaoxon and paraoxon-methyl. The resulting data were compared to those obtained with a photometric test, i.e. the determination of thiocholine via its reaction with the Ellman's reagent 5,5'-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid using the same flow system. As they correlated well to those reported for the native enzyme the flow-injection analysis device can be applied to automated determination and characterisation of enzyme inhibitors.     

Co~（2＋）、Ni~（2＋）、Cd~（2＋）对过氧化氢酶动力学的影响

在生理条件下，本实验探索了Ｃｏ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋对过氧化氢稳定性和过氧化氢酶生物活性的影响。结果表明，Ｃｏ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋对过氧化氢的分解反应具有正催化作用，对过氧化氢酶的生物活性均有可逆的抑制作用，其抑制能力的大小顺序为Ｃｏ２＋＞Ｃ２＋＞Ｎｉ２＋。     

复方癌立消抗肿瘤活性的研究

癌立消为验方，取长白山新鲜中药配制而成，实验用NIH小鼠移植Ehrlieh癌造成实体瘤模型。随机分四组。对照组不给药，阳性对照组给环磷酰胺剂量100mg／kg、癌立消剂量为成人剂量5倍(2．6g／kg)和10倍(5．2g／kg)两组。结果表明：癌立消有明显的抑瘤作用。5倍成人剂量组抑瘤率为43．9％-50．4％，10倍成人剂量组为53．3％-56．3％，而且有统计学意义。     

五种中草药提取液对细菌作用效果初探

选取银杏、厚朴、野菊花、苦参、石菖蒲五种中草药,利用95%酒精提取其活性成分,进行抑菌、杀菌活性测定.结果表明,在供试质量浓度0.05g/mL时,此五种中草药对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均在86%以上;在供试质量浓度0.01g/mL时,作用时间为5min,五种中草药对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率均在94.5%以上,杀菌效果显著.不同中草药对同一细菌的抑制作用有一定差异,同一中草药对不同细菌的抑制作用亦存在着较大差异.中草药的杀菌率随着浓度增大、着用时间延长,杀菌率随之增大.但五种中草药对枯草杆菌均无杀菌效果,其原因有待进一步探讨.     

Kinetics of the radical scavenging activity of β-carotene-related compounds

To clarify the non-enzymatic radical-scavenging activity of β-carotene-related compounds and other polyenes, we used differential scanning calorimetry to study the kinetics of radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in the absence or presence of polyenes under nearly anaerobic conditions at 70°C, and analyzed the results with an SAR approach. The polyenes studied were all-trans retinol, retinol palmitate, calciferol, β-carotene and lycopene. Polyenes produced a small induction period. The stoichiometric factor (n) (i.e. the number of radicals trapped by each inhibitor molecule) of polyenes was close to 0. Tetraterpenes (β-carotene, lycopene) suppressed significantly more of the initial rate of polymerization (R ^inh) than did diterpenes (retinol, retinol palmitate). The inhibition rate constants (k ^inh) for the reaction of β-carotene with AIBN-or BPO-derived radicals were determined to be 1.2–1.6?×?10⁵ l?/?mol?s, similar to published values. A linear relationship between k ^inh and the kinetic chain length (KCL) for polyenes was observed; as k ^inh increased, KCL decreased. KCL also decreased significantly as the number of conjugated double bonds in the polyenes increased. Polyenes, particularly β-carotene and lycopene, acted as interceptors of growing poly-MMA radicals.     

Determination of carbaryl by flow injection with luminol chemiluminescence inhibition detection

A flow-injection procedure is described for the determination of carbaryl based on its inhibition effect on luminol-cobalt(II) chemiluminescence reaction in alkaline medium in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The calibration data over the range 5.0?×?10^?7 to 20?×?10^?6?M give a correlation coefficient (r ²) of 0.9972 with relative standard deviations (RSD; n?=?4) in the range of 1.0–2.1% with a limit of detection (3?×?blank noise) of 2.37?×?10^?7?M for carbaryl. The sample throughput was 120?h^?1. The effects of some carbamates, anions, and cations were studied on luminol CL system for carbaryl determination. The proposed method has been applied to determine carbaryl in natural waters.