冷藏雄鼠尸体应用于小鼠运输及意外死亡后品系恢复的可行性

目的 基于小鼠尸体4 ℃冷藏不同时长后精子的体外受精(IVF)效率,探讨低温冷藏小鼠尸体应用于小鼠运输及意外死亡后品系恢复的可行性。方法 实验组为5月龄C57BL/6 J雄鼠,脱颈处死后4 ℃冷藏24、48、72 h和96 h,取附睾尾精子IVF,对照组为正常5月龄C57BL/6 J雄鼠IVF,统计各组IVF受精率。结果 冷藏24 h后附睾尾精子具备正常受精能力,受精率为73.0%、60.0%和77.0%;48 h 组内差异大,受精率为0%、55.4%和3.2%;72 h受精率极低,受精率为3.2%、0%和1.7%;96 h 精子有活力,但无受精能力。所有受精卵均可发育至2细胞,冷藏24 h组和对照组分别移植受体妊娠率分别为60%和66%,证明4 ℃冷藏对胚胎发育无影响。结论 C57BL/6J鼠经4 ℃冷藏的附睾尾,在24 h内具备稳定的受精率,可用于小鼠运输及特殊情况品系恢复。     

牛体外受精胚胎移植的应用研究

探讨了利用牛ＩＶＦ技术,在国外生产纯种肉牛胚胎运用国内进行大批量移植后受体母牛的妊娠率及产犊情况,共移植受体母牛１５８头,妊娠率（９０ｄ）为２１．４％￣４８．５％,共计产纯种犊牛５５头,５￣８日龄胚移植给发情第７ｄ的母牛能够得到较高的妊娠率（４３．８％￣５０．０％）,受体母牛在前两交伯移植妊娠率（３０．０％￣３５．０％）,明显高于第三次（１５．４％）以后的妊娠高,研究结果证实,在国外生产的的占ＩＶ     

卵巢过度刺激综合征的防治

本院生殖医学中心13例卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）的所有病例均发生在体外受精－胚胎移植及其衍生技术的诱导超排卵后。临床表现主要为腹胀、腹水、少尿、血液浓缩、低蛋白血症、水电解质失衡和氮质血症等，OHSS往往与高妊娠率伴随，轻、中度OHSS经系统监护，多不需特殊治疗；较重的患经人体白蛋白静脉输注，低分子右旋糖酐扩容，维持重要器官灌注等处理后治愈。     

牛体外受精胚胎在成份确定培养液内的发育

将牛体外受精胚胎培养于化学成份确定的 SOF+PVA的培养系统内 ,观察了不同PVA浓度对胚胎体外发育的影响 .结果在 1 mg/ml、3mg/ml和 5mg/ml的 PVA浓度条件下 ,囊胚的发育率分别为 2 7.5% a、1 9.1 % a和 4 .3% b( a>b,P<0 .0 1 ) .将体外受精胚胎分别培养于 M1 99+输卵管上皮细胞、SOF+BSA和 SOF+PVA的三种培养系统内 ,囊胚的发育率分别为 2 0 .4 %、2 9.0 %和 2 7.5% ,结果表明本研究确立的化学成份确定的体外培养系统可以用于牛体外受精胚胎的发育培养 .     

Accuracy of a combined score of zygote and embryo morphology for selecting the best embryos for IVF

Objective： To evaluate the accuracy of a scoring system combining zygote and embryo morphology in predicting the outcome of in vitro fertilization （IVF） treatment. Methods： In a study group, 117 consecutive IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） cycles with embryo transfer were carried out and 312 embryos were scored using a combined scoring system （CSS） of zygote and embryo morphology before transplantation. In a control group, a total of 420 IVF or ICSI cycles were carried out and 1176 embryos were scored using a cumulative embryo score （CES）. The effects of the combined scoring system on the embryo implantation rate and pregnancy rate per cycle were analyzed. Results： Using the combined scoring system, the embryo implantation rate （27.6%） and the clinical pregnancy rate （48.7%） were significantly higher than those in the control group （20.8% and 38.6%, respectively）. Also, the implantation rate of embryos scoring ≥70 （38.5%： 82 sacs/213 embryos） was significantly higher （P〈0.001） than that of embryos scoring 〈70 （4%： 4 sacs/99 embryos）. The pregnancy rate of patients with embryos scoring ≥70 using the combined scoring system （66.7%） was significantly higher （P〈0.001） than that of patients with embryos scoring ≥20 using the cumulative embryo score （59.0%）. Conclusion： The results suggest that selecting embryos with a high score （≥70） using the combined scoring system could increase the implantation rate and pregnancy rate, and that using a scoring system combining assessments of human zygotes and pre-implantation embryos might predict IVF outcomes more accurately than using a cumulative embryo score.     

区间值模糊滤子范畴

讨论区间值模糊滤子范畴IVF和Hausdorff区间值模糊滤子范畴IVFHau中乘积、余积、等子、余等子存在性及构造。证明IVF和IVFHau都不是完备范畴而IVF是余完备范畴。也证明IVF不仅有许多弱拓扑满子范畴,也有许多非弱拓扑满子范畴。     

In vitro fertilization in Japan — Early days of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer and future prospects for assisted reproductive technology —

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) has been essential in the treatment of infertility. The world’s first IVF-ET baby was born in 1978 based on the technique developed by Dr. Robert Edwards and Dr. Patrick Steptoe.¹⁾ In Japan, the first IVF-ET birth was reported in 1983 by Prof. Masakuni Suzuki at Tohoku University School of Medicine.^2,3)IVF-ET is a procedure used to achieve pregnancy that consists of extracting oocytes from an infertile woman, fertilizing them in vitro, and transferring fertilized eggs into the patient’s uterine cavity (Fig. ​(Fig.1).1). Since the first report of successful IVF-ET, numerous techniques related to ART, such as cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos, gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), and microinsemination, have been developed and refined (Table ​(Table11).Open in a separate windowFigure 1. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer process. A: Induction of ovulation: After menstruation, ovulation is induced to produce multiple oocytes. B: Testing: 1. Follicular diameter is measured using ultrasound. 2. Blood estradiol (E₂) levels are measured. 3. Oocyte maturity is assessed with urinary Luteinizing Hormone (LH) measurements. C: Oocyte retrieval: Ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle puncture is used to collect oocytes. D: Semen collection: Semen is collected from the husband. E: Sperm preparation: Semen is separated into multiple layers on a thickener effluent, and separated using a centrifuge. (400 × g, 30 min). F: Insemination: The semen and oocytes are placed together in a dish with culture media. G: Confirmation of fertilization: Fertilization is confirmed on the first day after oocyte retrieval. H: Embryo transfer: On the third or fifth day after oocyte retrieval, fertilized eggs are transferred to the uterus through a catheter.

Table 1.

Timeline of reproductive technologies in Japan

The Effects of Different Culture Systems on the Quality of Bovine In Vitro Fertilized Embryos

研究探讨了不同体外培养条件下牛体外受精胚胎的发育速度及囊胚细胞数，从而了解不同体外培养系统对牛体外受精胚胎质量的影响．实验一中将体外受精卵分别在ＳＯＦ＋牛输卵管上皮细胞（ＢＯＥＣ）和ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＢＯＥＣ两种培养系统内培养，在这两种培养条件下囊胚发育率分别为２２．２％和２１．２％，囊胚细胞数分别为１１３．３±５．０和９７．９±８．３，受精后第６～９ｄ的囊胚出现率分别为４０．１％ａ、３７．０％、１９．２％ｂ、２．７％和１３．５％ｃ、３２．７％、３６．５％ｄ、１７．３％（ａ＞ｃ，Ｐ＜０．０１，ｄ＞ｂ，Ｐ＜０．０５），表明牛体外受精卵在ＳＯＦ＋ＢＯＥＣ中的发育速度快于在ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＢＯＥＣ中．实验二中将体外受精卵分别培养于ＳＯＦ＋ＢＯＥＣ、ＳＯＦ＋牛卵丘细胞、ＳＯＦ＋ＢＳＡ三种培养系统中，结果囊胚发育率分别为３５．５％ｅ、２９．４％和２２．４％ｆ（ｅ＞ｆ，Ｐ＜０．０１），囊胚细胞数分别为１１７．３±８．０ｇ、９４．２±９．３和９０．２±９．４ｈ（ｇ＞ｈ，Ｐ＜０．０５）．实验三观察了体外受精胚胎在ＳＯＦ＋ＢＯＥＣ培养条件下发育速度与囊胚细胞数的关系，结果第６～９ｄ的囊胚细胞数分别为１１０．８±１０．２ｉ、１２８．     

牛体外受精胚胎成份明确培养系统的建立

以 SOF为基本培养液 ,分别添加血清、PVA以及同时添加 PVA、肌醇和柠檬酸钠 ,进行牛体外受精卵的发育培养 ,三个处理组的囊胚发育率分别为 :3 2 .6%、1 1 .9%和 1 5 .9% ,血清处理组极显著高于两个 PVA处理组 (p<0 .0 1 ) .在此基础上 ,将受精处理后的卵子去掉卵丘细胞后 ,培养于 SOF PVA 肌醇 柠檬酸钠培养液内 ,以未去掉卵丘细胞的卵子为对照 ,两个处理组的囊胚发育率分别为 1 0 .8%和 2 1 .1 % .二者间没有显著差异 .结果表明没有血清和卵丘细胞的成份明确的培养系统能够支持牛体外受精卵发育至囊胚阶段 .     

体外受精过程中多精受精发生机制

对哺乳动物体外受精（IVF）过程中多精受精的发生原因进行了阐述，指出多精受精的发生是影响各种哺乳动物体外受精效率的重要原因，其中在猪和人的IVF中表现得尤为突出。大量研究表明，除了物种的特异性以外，不完全的卵母细胞胞质成熟、异常透明带、高精子浓度、受精培养基中不适当的添加物以及在受精过程中的其他一些异常因素都与多精受精密切相关。