Metabolomics techniques applied in the investigation of phenolic acids from the agro-industrial by-product of Carapa guianensis Aubl

Processing of Carapa guianensis seeds to obtain oil on an industrial scale generates a significant amount of by-product, approximately 66% w/w, which is called cake and is a potential source of biomolecules, including simple phenolic structures. For this reason, studies were carried out on the chemical profiles of hydrolyzed extract from this agro-industrial by-product through High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). These techniques were used to detect metabolic classes and/or groups, and to identify, for the first time, thirteen simple phenolic acids in this by-product. The sample antioxidant capacity was determined by methods of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS⁺) radicals direct sequestration. The hydrolyzed fraction showed a total of 63.47% in the relative abundance of the total of compounds, standing out: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (39.19%) and protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) (5.62%), both from hydroxybenzoic acids and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, (7.76%) hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives. In these results, the fraction rich in simple phenolic acids was obtained, attributing the prominent behavior of this matrix antioxidant activity, expressed by (IC₅₀: of 16.42 µg/mL and 6.52 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals, respectively). The research demonstrated an alternative to applicability that involves sustainability from agro-industrial. These techniques were used to detect metabolic classes and/or groups, and to identify, for the first time, thirteen simple phenolic acids in this by-product, generating a process capable of converting biomass into a bioproduct, consisting of bioactive compounds, in addition to adding value to the industrial chain.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of cylindrical turbulators in a double pipe heat exchanger under turbulent flow conditions

In the present work, the use of cylindrical turbulators in a double pipe heat exchanger has been investigated. Cylindrical fin type of turbulators has been placed circumferentially separated by 90° on the outer side of an inner pipe at a regular pitch. Experimental studies were undertaken for different air flow rates in a turbulent regime whose Reynolds number range between 2500 and 10000. Heat transfer characteristics like Nu and friction factor have been experimentally determined. Parametric studies were conducted by changing the pitch and also the orientation of the turbulators. Nu and friction factor were found to increase as the pitch is reduced. A model with alternatively changed orientation outperformed others by exhibiting highest Nu and reduced friction factor.     

Predicting Initial Formation Temperature for Deep Well Engineering with a New Method

With the progress of science and technology, human beings explore the energy under-ground with thousands of meters. As a thermophysical parameter, initial formation temperature (IFT) plays an essential...     

基于炉灶热量回收的吸热装置设计

设计了一种基于炉灶热量回收的吸热装置。该装置通过将导热性能及焊接性能优良的无氧紫铜管与炉灶支架焊接成一个整体,近距离吸收炉灶火焰四周散失的热量,利用火焰散失的热量给生活用水加热,将生成的热水供日常生活使用;对出水装置进行改良,使其与加热装置形成循环结构,达到对整个系统进行保护的目的。本装置提高了对能源的利用率,减少了能源消耗,达到节能的目的。     

电路特性的PSpice仿真方法比较

应用PSpice仿真软件的两种仿真方法,分析了串联型直流稳压电源的性能,比较了这两种仿真分析方法各自的优点.电路仿真实验表明,熟练掌握数种电路仿真方法是十分必要的,仿真方法对电路分析具有实际意义和作用.     

风能地板辐射采暖系统

随着经济快速发展,化石燃料已被大量开发和使用,一方面人类面临能源日渐匮乏的危机,另一方面能源大量浪费也引起全球环境问题.本文以环保和节能为目标,提出一种综合利用风力发电技术、热泵技术和低温地板辐射采暖技术的新型采暖模式,对使用可再生风能进行采暖,进行了可行性探讨.     

含气率对PTS时压力容器内流动与传热的影响

本文对反应堆压力容器紧急安注时的流动与传热特性在1/10的模型上进行了流动可视化、局部传热系数以及混合函数的试验研究。针对三个热冲击敏感区域的部分测点,比较了环腔流速为0.5m/s、安注流速为1～30 m/s时不同含气率对下降环腔内流动与传热特性的影响,得出并分析了不同测点传热系数、混合函数的变化规律。研究结果表明:随着含气率增大,安注流体与环腔流体的混合增强;下降环腔内的含气率对小安注流速时的流动与传热影响显著,而对大安注流速时影响较小。     

离心力场作用下多孔介质中强制对流换热的研究

对离心流化床中空气通过多孔物料层的强制对流换热进行了理论和实验研究。获得了气流和物料间强制对流换热的准则关联式。研究结果表明,在气流速度和温度梯度方向一致的条件下,强制对流换热比通常的边界层强制对流换热有所强化,其换热的准则关联式具有 Nu=CRePr的线性形式。从而验证了改变气流方向和热流密度矢量之间夹角可以强化换热的这一强化传热新原理。