黑松丛生芽的诱导及植株再生

以黑松带子叶顶芽为外植体建立了包括丛生芽诱导、伸长和生根的植株再生体系。结果表明:培养基中激素的种类、浓度以及外植体年龄对丛生芽的诱导有较大影响。单独使用6-BA能诱导产生丛生芽,但数量少,生长慢,NAA与6-BA配合使用能取得更好的效果。在试验的所有组合中,4.0 mg/L 6-BA 0.05 mg/L NAA效果最佳。截取黑松外植体的最佳苗龄为22~28 d。已分化的丛生芽在无6-BA但附加0.1 mg/L NAA的改良GD培养基中伸长较明显,GA3不能促进黑松丛生芽的生长且有毒害作用。将伸长的丛生芽接种在附加0.2 mg/L NAA的1/2 WPM培养基上培养14 d再转移至无激素的1/2 WPM中,1个月后,生根率达23.3%。     

细辛组织培养快速繁殖初探

以细辛的根状茎为外植体进行组织培养及继代培养、适合愈伤组织诱导并增殖的培养基为MS+6-BA3.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA mg·L~(-1);适合诱导再生植株并快速增殖的培养基为MS+6-BA0.8mg·L~(-1)+NAA0.1mg·L~(-1);生根培养基为MS+NAAO.2 mg·L~(-1)+0.5％活性炭。经生根壮苗培养30d左右,移栽后成活率可达98％以上。     

印度梨形孢对黑松幼苗生长量及其根系形态的动态影响

为研究印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)对黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗生长及其根系形态的动态影响,在营养杯培育条件下研究了印度梨形孢对黑松地上部分与根系生长、根系构型及根系分形维数的影响。结果表明,印度梨形孢对黑松地下根系生长的促进作用发挥时间早于地上部分、效应显著高于地上部分,接种印度梨形孢15~30 d时对地上部分基本无影响,但对根系促进作用明显,而地上部分在60 d时生长效应显著。接种印度梨形孢可增加黑松地上部分、根系的生物量,也显著地改善了根系长度、分支数、表面积、体积等构型参数与根系分形维数,促进黑松生长。     

Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C. thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC₅₀ values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.     

微波消解-原子吸收法分析并比较四种贝母中的微量元素

利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)及石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法(GFAAS)测定了浙贝、象贝、东贝、川贝4种贝母中15种微量元素的含量。同时考察了不同微波消解条件对分析结果的影响, 确定了原子吸收分光光度法测定的最佳条件,并且以微量元素含量作为指标对其进行了主成分分析。实验结果表明, 微波消解法操作简便、快速、样品消解完全, 空白值低, 选择性好, 方法相对标准偏差小于3.96%,回收率在91.0%～108.7%。主成分分析法在反映不同样品微量元素含量的差异程度上具有应用价值。     

Water Extract of Fritillariae thunbergii Bulbus Inhibits RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis and Ovariectomy-Induced Trabecular Bone Loss

Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus has been widely used to treat symptoms of coughs and airway congestion in the chest due to pathological colds and damp phlegm in traditional Chinese medicine. Despite its long history of traditional use, its pharmacological activities on osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis have not been evaluated. This study investigated the effects of the water extract of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus (WEFT) on osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophage cells and on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in mice. We found that WEFT significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling-induced nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) expression. In an OVX-induced osteoporosis model, WEFT significantly prevented the OVX-induced trabecular loss of femurs, accompanied by a reduction in fat accumulation in the bone marrow and liver. In addition, WEFT significantly prevented weight gain and gonadal fat gain without recovering uterine atrophy. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, seven alkaloids (peimisine glucoside, yibeissine, peiminoside, sipeimine-glucoside, peimisine, peimine, and peiminine) were identified in WEFT. The results of this study suggest that WEFT can be a potential pharmacological candidate to reduce menopausal osteoporosis and menopause-related symptoms, such as fat accumulation.     

镧、铈及重金属元素铬、锌对竹叶眼子菜的毒害作用

研究了镧、铈及重金属元素铬、锌对高等沉水植物竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus Miq.)的毒害作用. 结果表明, La3 , Ce3 , Zn2 在低浓度范围内, 均能诱导叶绿素、蛋白质合成, 但浓度过高时却对叶绿素、蛋白质起破坏作用;而Cr6 处理却使上述两指标随其浓度的升高逐渐降低. 4种离子对竹叶眼子菜的保护酶系统存在不同的影响, 低浓度条件下, 诱导过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高, 当污染加重时, 这两种酶的活性却随处理浓度的升高逐渐下降; 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化与CAT、 POD相反, 它在低处理浓度情况下酶活下降, 随处理浓度的加大酶活诱导上升, 其活性变化趋势与·O-2 产生速率正好相反. 随4种离子处理浓度增高, MDA含量呈升高趋势, 并与4种离子的处理浓度之间皆呈极显著正相关. 4种离子的毒性强度依次为Cr6 >Ce3 >Zn2 >La3 . Cr6 对竹叶眼子菜的致死浓度为0.5～1 mg·L-1, Ce3 , Zn2 为3～5 mg·L-1 , La3 为7～10 mg·L-1. 镧、铈同重金属元素铬、锌对竹叶眼子菜的毒害机制相似.     

藤梨正丁醇部位化学成分的研究

采用薄层色谱,正相、反相硅胶,葡聚糖凝胶,半制备高效液相柱对中药藤梨的正丁醇部位进行了分离研究.得到8个化合物,分别为:2-β-D-葡萄糖-1,3,7-三羟基-酮(1),7-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基-酮(2),3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮(3),6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,3′,4′-四羟基黄酮(4),6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮(5),1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-8-羟基-3,7-二甲氧基-酮(6),3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖]-5,7,3′,4′-四羟基黄酮(7),7-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-5,3′-二羟基-4′-甲氧基二氢黄酮(8).所有的化合物都是首次从该植物分离得到.     

南京地区黑松与马尾松的自然杂交研究

研究了南京地区黑松和马尾构间所产生的自然杂种。杂种可分三类：偏马尾松型、双亲中间及偏黑松类型，其中中间类型占多数，并从枝叶形态特征（包括幼苗和成年）；针叶比较解剖；球果种子性状；年生长节律；高、径生长，材积生长；木材容重；抗松材线虫以及核型等方面进行了自然杂种和双亲比较，证明该自然杂种具明显杂种优势，对该自然杂种的利用前景提出了看法。     

网络药理学在中药复杂作用模式研究中的应用进展

中药多层次、多系统的复杂作用模式的表征一直是中药现代研究的一个关键问题。网络药理学借助计算机技术、系统生物学、多向药理学等多学科的交叉融合,形成了以网络靶标为核心的技术体系,实现了成分-靶标-疾病的分子网络构建,在中药现代研究中显示了巨大的潜力。对近年来网络药理学在网络构建及分析技术、中药复杂作用模式研究进展、未来发展趋势等方面进行了综述,以期为传统中药科学内涵的深入阐释提供新的思路。