On Constraint Qualifications in Nonsmooth Optimization

We introduce extensions of the Mangasarian-Fromovitz and Abadie constraint qualifications to nonsmooth optimization problems with feasibility given by means of lower-level sets. We do not assume directional differentiability, but only upper semicontinuity of the defining functions. By deriving and reviewing primal first-order optimality conditions for nonsmooth problems, we motivate the formulations of the constraint qualifications. Then, we study their interrelation, and we show how they are related to the Slater condition for nonsmooth convex problems, to nonsmooth reverse-convex problems, to the stability of parametric feasible set mappings, and to alternative theorems for the derivation of dual first-order optimality conditions.In the literature on general semi-infinite programming problems, a number of formally different extensions of the Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification have been introduced recently under different structural assumptions. We show that all these extensions are unified by the constraint qualification presented here.     

Analysis of finite dimensional approximations to a class of partial differential equations

In this paper, a unified approach for analysing finite dimensional approximations to a class of partial differential equations boundary value problems (second‐kind Fredholm differential equations) is introduced. The approach is shown to be general despite of its extremely simple form. In particular, it is expected to be useful in the convergence analysis of finite element methods for solving PDE problems. Three specific examples are presented to illustrate the broad applicability of the approach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

第二类非线性Fredholm型积分方程数值解的超收敛性

本文讨论第二类非线性Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ型积分方程数值解的超收敛性，以Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法为基础建立了该类方程的Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ算法、小波Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ算法以及它们相应的迭代校正格式，证明了两种算法数值解的超收敛性，不仅将Ｈａｍｍｅｒｓｔｅｉｎ积分方程的结果推广到第二类非线性Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ型积分方程，而且应用小波分析工具得到了更精确的结果．     

多目标半定规划的互补弱鞍点和G-鞍点最优性条件

对于含矩阵函数半定约束和多个目标函数的多目标半定规划问题，给出Lagrange函数在弱有效意义下的互补弱鞍点和Geofrrion恰当有效意义下的G-鞍点的定义及其等价定义．然后，在较弱的凸性条件下，利用含矩阵和向量约束的择一性定理，建立多目标半定规划的互补弱鞍点和G-鞍点充分必要条件．     

An Alternative Approach to the Extraction of Structure Functions in Deep Inelastic e-p Scattering at 5 to 20 GeV

Two structure functions W1(x,Q2) and W2(x,Q2) are determined by using the cross sections measured in the deep inelastic electron-proton scattering experiments at Stanford Linac in the energy range of 5 to 20 GeV. In this paper an alternative mathematical approach have been used in such determination, resulting in a larger number of points in the graphs of the structure functions.     

煤吸附解吸电磁改性及定量分析

用容量法对焦作朱村矿变质无烟煤在不同频率的交变电磁场中吸附解吸特征进行了研究。实验结果表明：不同频率的交变电磁场作用下，煤吸附C02、N2仍旧符合Langmiur方程；交变电磁场减弱了煤的吸附能力，减小了吸附常数b值，但饱和吸附量(a值)基本上不变．是典型的表面改性现象，并从量的角度分析其改性的程度。     

Adjugates in Banach algebras

A simple formula for the adjugate of a block triangle offers an alternative route to the determinant theory for Banach algebras.

     

Measure of Ordering in Statistical Systems

In this paper, we introduce a phenomenological measure of ordering in statistical systems. Using this characteristic, we construct a formal model of a system evolving according to the law of steepest ascent as the control parameter increases.     

Multi‐dimensional combustion waves for Lewis number close to one

This paper is devoted to the study of multi‐dimensional travelling wave solution for a thermo‐diffusive model, describing the propagation of curved flames in an infinite cylinder. The linear dependence of the components of the reaction rate together with the existence of an ignition temperature ensure that the corresponding linearized operator does not satisfy the Fredholm property. A direct consequence is that solvability conditions for the linearized operator are not known and classical methods of nonlinear analysis cannot be directly applied. We prove in this paper existence results of such travelling waves, by first introducing a suitable re‐formulation of the equations and then by choosing suitable weighted spaces that allows us to move the essential spectrum away from zero. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste in Small Communities

The heating values of municipal solid waste generated in three towns with a population of less than 50 000, situated in Galicia (Spain), were measured with a static bomb calorimeter. Samples of raw refuse were burnt either as received or after sorting of the different combustible components. A study was made of samples from controlled and uncontrolled landfills. The calorific values were compared with those corresponding to a commercial residual derived fuel in order to study the possibility of using municipal solid waste as a source of recovered energy. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.