Zinc porphyrin sensitized redox processes in microemulsions

Photoinduced electron transfer from Zn tetraphenylporphyrin to acceptors solubilized either in the lipid interior or aqueous bulk of anionic oil-in-water microemulsions has been investigated by nanosecond laser photolysis. While intimate cosolubilization appears to decrease the efficiency of electron transfer in the former, enhanced charge separation of the redox products has been observed in the latter.     

Rearrangements of the carbanions derived from allyl benzyl thioether

The metalation of allyl benzyl thioether involves the benzylic or the allylic hydrogens. The benzylic carbanion undergoes a rapid[2,3] sigmatropic shift whereas the allylic carbanion gives rise to various rearrangements, among them migration of the allylic unit to the para position with allylic inversion. The temperature dependence of the ratio of products arising from the benzylic carbanion vs those from the allylic carbanion shows that the allylic-to-benzylic carbanion transformation occurs only under special conditions: (a) with slow addition of the base; (b) with thioether in excess relative to the base, and (c) on raising the temperature of the reaction medium from ?78° to ?15°. In the last instance, the proton transfer is intramolecular as shown with labeled thioethers. The extent of the different rearrangements depends on the temperature and solvent. A choice of mechanism cannot be made at this time for the para migration 5→9a. A leaving group effect on the reaction regioselectivity of the carbanion from allyl methyl thioether with benzyl halides has been noticed. The presence of dibenzyl indicates that, in addition to S_N2 reactions, some electron transfer process is occurring.     

Vibrational spectra,normal coordinate analyses,and molecular configurations of crystalline propionic acid

Temperature dependence of the IR spectra of crystalline propionic acid were examined in the temperature range 242–50 K. The intensities of most absorption bands increased on lowering the temperature, but some bands diminished until they disappeared at temperatures lower than about 120 K. Normal coordinate analyses indicate that the former bands are due to the stable cis dimer and the latter due to the less stable trans dimer which would be produced from the cis dimer by simultaneous proton transfer along two hydrogen bonds.     

Oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance: The effects of remote unsaturation on 17o-chemical shifts in polycyclic ethers

Natural-abundance ¹⁷O-NMR spectra of 7-oxanorbornane exo-3-oxatricyclo [3.2.1.0^2.4]octane and their unsaturated derivatives (endo cyclic and exocyclic double bonds) have been measured. Linear correlation laws were observed for $\text{δ}{}_{\mathrm{o}}\text{δ}{}_{\mathrm{c}}$ of these ethers/corresponding hydrocarbons. The “cyclization shifts” for δ_o in ethers were not correlated by the “cyclization shifts” for δ_c of the corresponding hydrocarbons.     

Infrared investigation of aluminum- and chromium-substituted magnetites and of the lacunar spinels resulting from their oxidation

When Fe³⁺ ions are substituted by aluminum or chromium on magnetite octahedral sites, the ir spectrum shows the conversion of an inverse spinel to a normal spinel. Both broad bands of magnetite are gradually replaced by the four characteristic bands of normal spinels II–III. They are also observed for solid solutions, FeCr₂O₄FeAl₂O₄, with, however, a further band at 780 cm^?1 which may be assigned to Al³⁺ ions on tetrahedral sites. Low-temperature (<400°C) oxidation of these compounds whose sizes are less than 2000 Å results in lacunar spinels III–III. The ir spectrum of these solids is characterized by two absorption bands (as for inverse spinels II–III) except for compounds close to pure γFe₂O₃ in which an order of vacancies could be put in evidence.     

Conditional solubility versus pO2− of cerium(III) oxide in molten equimolar NaCl+KCl at 727°C

Reactions between cerium trichloride and oxide ions were studied in NaCl+KCl (1/1) at 1000°K, by potentiometry with a calcia-stabilized zirconia membrane electrode. Titration curves clearly demonstrated the existence of soluble cerium oxychloride (CeO⁺) and precipitated cerium oxide (Ce₂O₃), with respective dissociation constants 10^?11 and 10^?30 (molality scale). The corresponding conditional solubility diagram {log S (Ce^III)=f(pO^2?)} is presented and discussed.     

1866～1868年法国de Lagrée和Francis Garnier在中国和印度支那的气象观测

1866-1868年间,法国一探险队进入中国和印度支那进行气象观测,并留有中译本《考验气候日记表》。作者在20年前对该译本进行研究的基础上,再进一步研究,得到一些重要的气象观测数据和结论,对研究中国有关地区的气候变迁有参考价值。     

中法高等教育现状的几点比较与思考

<正>法国的高等教育已有500多年的历史,长期以来形成了自己的特色,大众教育和精英教育互为补充、一般教育和职业教育相互辅助。在欧盟开始高教改革后,法国进行了高等教育改革,避免了以往学位文凭和国际常规体制不接轨的弊端,增加了法国学位文凭的国际透明度。我国高等教育和法国比较,可以发现既有差异,又有共性,通过对     

苏米尔盆地中新世海滩岩及沉积环境探讨

对苏米尔盆地布阶下、上段生物屑灰岩的野外观察和实验室岩石学、矿物学、沉积学综合分析结果表明:这些岩石具潮间带和陆上渗流—潜流带胶结特点,其沉积环境为亚热带—热带中至较低能量港湾式海滩,岩石中陆源碎屑来源于邻近区域沉积岩和较远的阿尔卑斯变质岩。     

法国中小企业促进发展概貌

文章详细介绍了法国政府在促进中小企业发展，促进科研成果转化方面的做法和经验，所有这些对当前我国中小企业，包括乡镇企业的政策和发展都有借鉴价值。