Rapid and label-free classification of pathogens based on light scattering,reduced power spectral features and support vector machine

The rapid identification of pathogens is crucial in controlling the food quality and safety. The proposed system for the rapid and label-free identification of pathogens is based on the principle of laser scattering from the bacterial microbes. The clinical prototype consists of three parts: the laser beam, photodetectors, and the data acquisition system. The bacterial testing sample was mixed with 10 mL distilled water and placed inside the machine chamber. When the bacterial microbes pass by the laser beam, the scattering of light occurs due to variation in size, shape, and morphology. Due to this reason, different types of pathogens show their unique light scattering patterns. The photo-detectors were arranged at the surroundings of the sample at different angles to collect the scattered light. The photodetectors convert the scattered light intensity into a voltage waveform. The waveform features were acquired by using the power spectral characteristics, and the dimensionality of extracted features was reduced by applying minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance criterion (mRMR). A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was developed by training the selected power spectral features for the classification of three different bacterial microbes. The resulting average identification accuracies of E. faecalis,E. coli and S. aureus were 99%, 87%, and 94%, respectively. The overall experimental results yield a higher accuracy of 93.6%, indicating that the proposed device has the potential for label-free identification of pathogens with simplicity, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness.     

运用二语心理词汇的性质实施英语词汇教学

词汇是语言不可或缺的组成部分，是进行语言交际的先决条件。随着二语心理词汇研究的深入，如何把该理论应用到词汇教学实践中显得尤为重要。本文从二语心理词的性质与特点的角度提出了相应的词汇教学策略，以便更好地开展词汇教学。     

非回转类零件计算机辅助工艺设计的信息描述

本文论述了非回转类零件计算机辅助工艺过程设计（简称ＣＡＰＰ）中，零件信息的描述和输入方法。在相似零件组的基础上，把ＣＡＰＰ系统所要处理的零件按其重要性和复杂性又划分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三类。本文提出了方位特征描述法、基准特征描述法，并采用特征图引导，菜单输入的方式，较好的解决了Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三类零件信息的输入。     

论汉语的人文性与对外汉语教学

语言的人文性是指语言所蕴涵的文化内涵。与西方语言相比较,汉语的人文性尤为突出。多年来,我们的教学法研究主要集中在宏观研究即方法论层面的理论研究,或者侧重微观研究即操作层面的教学技巧研究,而对于中观层面的教学模式研究鲜有涉及。本文从介绍汉语的人文性特点入手,提出了从汉语各层面的文化因素研究对外汉语教学的几种思路。     

地形图辅助的建筑物地面和机载点云特征配准

机载和地面激光扫描数据配准的实质是坐标转换问题.以建筑物的立面为研究对象,基于地形图的建筑物线性特征,提出建筑物线-面特征约束的地面和机载点云数据配准方法,实现机载和地面点云数据的配准及其向地形图坐标系的转换.采用拟合方法,获取地面与机载点云、地形图的建筑物线性特征参数.依据特征之间的空间关系,建立特征参数与坐标转换模型的关系,分别实现地面与机载点云向地形图坐标系的水平转换.垂直转换则通过建筑物水平屋顶边缘的高程相对配准以及控制点处的高程绝对配准计算.以上海海洋水族馆点云为例进行实验验证,结果表明该方法可以实现地面和机载点云数据配准.     

Evaluation of ion mobility in capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for the identification in metabolomics

Currently, feature annotation remains one of the main challenges in untargeted metabolomics. In this context, the information provided by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in addition to accurate mass can improve the quality of metabolite annotation, and MS/MS fragmentation patterns are widely used. Accurate mass and a separation index, such as retention time or effective mobility (μ_eff), in chromatographic and electrophoretic approaches, respectively, must be used for unequivocal metabolite identification. The possibility of measuring collision cross-section (CCS) values by using ion mobility (IM) is becoming increasingly popular in metabolomic studies thanks to the new generation of IM mass spectrometers. Based on their similar separation mechanisms involving electric field and the size of the compounds, the complementarity of ^DTCCS_N2 and μ_eff needs to be evaluated. In this study, a comparison of ^DTCCS_N2 and μ_eff was achieved in the context of feature identification ability in untargeted metabolomics by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with HRMS. This study confirms the high correlation of ^DTCCS_N2 with the mass of the studied metabolites as well as the orthogonality between accurate mass and μ_eff, making this combination particularly interesting for the identification of several endogenous metabolites. The use of IM-MS remains of great interest for facilitating the annotation of neutral metabolites present in the electroosmotic flow (EOF) that are poorly or not separated by CZE.     

Rapid and label-free classification of pathogens based on light scattering,reduced power spectral features and support vector machine

The rapid identification of pathogens is crucial in controlling the food quality and safety.The proposed system for the rapid and label-free identification of pathogens is based on the principle of laser scattering from the bacterial microbes.The clinical prototype consists of three parts:the laser beam,photodetectors,and the data acquisition system.The bacterial testing sample was mixed with 10 mL distilled water and placed inside the machine chamber.When the bacterial microbes pass by the lase...     

基于目标与环境FD模型的多特征检测算法适应性评估

智能变形、变色、变温、变谱技术发展趋势下,低特征目标加速实现与自然地物背景的特征融合,导致复杂自然背景环境下低散射、微反射、弱辐射目标的检测与评估愈发困难,特定场景下潜在威胁目标的检测方法快速决策与准确评估成为了难题.为了提升离散目标、伪装目标、弱小目标、异常目标等低特征目标与复杂自然背景环境融合场景下的多特征检测算法...     

结合区域提取和改进卷积神经网络的水下小目标检测

针对水下小目标信息量有限而难以提取有效特征导致的检测性能不佳问题,提出了一种结合区域提取和融合Hu矩特征的改进卷积神经网络水下小目标检测方法。该方法包含区域提取和分类两个步骤。首先以马尔可夫随机场分割算法为基础进行区域提取,对潜在目标定位的同时降低伪目标对后续分类的干扰;然后提取潜在目标区域的Hu矩特征并融入卷积神经网络,形成一种形状特征表征能力更强的改进卷积神经网络用于分类。声呐实测数据处理结果表明,该方法可以有效提升对水下小目标的发现概率和正确报警率,与其他目标检测方法相比,该方法具有更好的检测性能和泛化性。     

遥感影像配准方法探讨

影像匹配是指从数字影像上识别相关影像,它是计算机视觉和数字摄影测量中的一个基本问题。遥感影像的配准技术直接关系到图像融合等地形分析的精度和效果,针对不同的应用目的和条件可以选择不同的匹配算法,本文在三种经典的配准方法的基础上提出了两种图像配准的新方法。