异曲同工--《红字》与《德伯家的苔丝》中的悲剧女性探析

海斯特·白兰和苔丝·德伯,是霍桑和哈代在各自的作品中所塑造的最优秀的女性艺术形象.两位女主人公不仅有着惊人相似的悲剧命运和起因,而且在逆境中所展示的人格魅力都有着异曲同工之妙.     

生存与毁灭——艾米丽和斯嘉丽不同命运的探析

生活在同一时代背景下，出身于同一阶层的美国南方女性艾米丽和斯嘉丽有着截然不同的命运。本文试从家庭环境对她们的影响，她们对爱情的态度差异，以及她们对传统的态度和反应不同三个方面探析她们不同命运的因素。     

民俗心理与中国式悲剧的不彻底性

中国式悲剧既受囿于创作主体自身深处民俗心理的控制,又要合乎接受主体的民俗心理与情感逻辑,而这民俗心理就是国人长期积淀的圆崇拜(日、月、女阴、天和天道圆崇拜,循环发展观),乐天、中庸、仁义思想,主生与养生观,现世报、三世轮回报应观、命运信仰等,这些民俗心理是指导民众创作与接受中国式悲剧的准则。     

从《桃姐》看许鞍华的电影追求与宿命

作为香港影坛最具影响力的女导演,许鞍华善于塑造女性形象,我们从她执导的女性电影里,可以隐约窥见导演许鞍华对女性悲剧命运的独特理解与思考。桃姐的命运与许鞍华的电影宿命颇有相似之处,从这个角度来审视许鞍华的电影追求,我们或许可以很好地体察其中的得与失。     

Trace-level determination of aromatic sulfonates in water by on-line ion-pair extraction/ion-pair chromatography and their behavior in the aquatic environment

A new HPLC method for the fully automatic determination of aromatic sulfonates in aqueous samples is presented. The analytical procedure consists of an on-line combination of ion-pair extraction (IPE) and ion-pair chromatography (IPC), both using RP-C18 solid-phase material and a tetrabutylammonium salt as ion pairing reagent. Experimental details and performance data are given. This method is suited for the trace-level determination of a wide variety of benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone and stilbene sulfonates. Detection limits for surface water using a diode-array detector are in the sub-ppb range. For naphthalene sulfonates a very good selectivity and minimal detectable limits of 0.02 μg/L or even lower can be achieved. So far, this method has been successfully applied to waste water, river water, bank filtrate, and water from different steps of drinking water production. The fate of several aromatic sulfonates has been studied beginning at the effluents of industrial waste water treatment plants and ending after activated carbon filtration in a water works. Napthalene-1,5-disulfonate (NDS, Armstrong acid) and cis-4,4′-dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate (DNS) appear in the raw water of the investigated water works and therefore have to be termed as relevant to water works. In contrast to other disulfonates NDS is extremely stable to biodegradation and ozonation and it is even desorbed from a highly loaded activated carbon filter.     

《半生缘》——张爱玲最独特的一部作品

张爱玲的长篇小说《半生缘》，无论是其以“梁京”的笔名发表，还是前后两次修改历经18年的超长创作过程，以及不同于以往男女双方各取所需式的虚情假意的真挚爱情题材，乃至张爱玲笔下从未有过的正面男性主人公设置等方面，都堪称张爱玲众多作品中最独特的一部。     

Low temperature SPME device: A convenient and effective tool for investigating photodegradation of volatile analytes

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a model volatile compound, was exposed to UV irradiation (16 W, 254 nm) after being sorbed in an internally cooled or low temperature solid-phase microextraction (LT-SPME) fibre. Photolysis took place directly on the polydimethylsiloxane coating of the LT-SPME fibre, yielding an “in situ” generation of photoproducts. Maintaining the temperature of the cold fibre at 0 °C eliminated, for the first time, problems of analyte losses due to volatilisation, inherent to the conventional room temperature photo-SPME studies. During the present studies, nearly complete photoremoval of HCB could be achieved within 20 min of irradiation. Photoreduction through photodechlorination was shown to be the main decay pathway in which lesser chlorinated congeners were sequentially formed as intermediates. Accordingly, initial generation of pentachlorobenzene was followed in order from 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. The present findings were in agreement with previously reported results. Overall, the use of the LT-SPME device as a photoreaction support not only eliminated analyte losses but also greatly facilitated photochemical investigations of volatile compounds in general.     

Endoderm contributes to endocardial composition during cardiogenesis

Heart formation commences from a single heart tube, which fuses from bilateral primordial heart fields. The developing heart tube is composed of outerlayer myocardial cells and innerlayer endocardial cells. Several distinct populations of precardiac cells contribute to cardiac morphogenesis. However, it still remains not very clear about the lineage of endocardium at gastrulation stage. Thereby, this study focused on ascertaining the correlation between the hypoblast in gastrulation and endocardium during cardiogenesis. Firstly, the fusing heart tube morphologically is closed to endoderm-derived pharynx floor, implying the possibility that pharynx floor might be wrapped into the formation of endoderm. Secondly, HNK1 is expressed in hypoblast strongly at gastrula stage and subsequently appeared in endocardium of cardiogenesis. Moreover, fate map data displayed that DiI labeled hypoblast was also present in endocardium later on. One more evidence is chickquail chimera of hypoblast transplantation, in which quailhypoblast derivative could be identified in endocardium of cardiogenesis by QCPN antibody. In sum, our current data suggests that endoderrn in gastrula contribute at least partly to the formation of endocardium of cardiogenesis.     

论司马迁的命运观

“命运”一词充满了神秘色彩,是人类最为棘手复杂的问题之一。《史记》作为中国第一部纪传体通史,也是中国第一部传记文学著作,其中渗透着司马迁对历史人物命运的诸多思考。从自然命定论、天命论、因果论,历史决定论四个方面可以看出司马迁复杂多样的命运观。通观《史记》全书,司马迁对命运的思考是复杂多样的,由多种命运观念综合形成。     

Trends in the sample preparation and analysis of nanomaterials as environmental contaminants

Much research on the use of nanomaterials in different applications is being conducted in areas such as water treatment, catalysis, oil processing, medicine, food, sensors, energy storage, building materials, constructions, and others. Nanoparticles are ultra-small particles with exceptional properties, but some nanoparticles and nanomaterials may exhibit harmful properties when leaked into the environment. Due to the lack of analytical methods for the detection and analysis of nanoparticles in complex matrices, not much is known about the potential risks associated with nanomaterials. Therefore, more knowledge is needed of the sampling and analysis of nanomaterials (NMs) as environmental contaminants. This review is undertaken to identify and assess key characteristics in potential sampling and analysis methods for identifying and quantifying the occurrence of NMs in numerous types of environmental media. To select suitable sampling and analysis methods, information on NM sources and transformation in environmental media is essential and thus is also discussed. This provides more information about the negative impacts of NMs on the environment. Challenges and future perspectives on the determination of NMs are also discussed.