亲核试剂的亲卤反应2, 冠醚促进的二氟二溴甲烷与硫酚钠的反应

在苯、乙醚等溶剂中,CF_2Br_2与 PhSNa不反应或反应极慢.加入催化量的二苯并-18-冠-6,则反应在数分钟内完成,主产物 PhSCF_2Br 的产率提高至75～85%,副产物 PhSCF_2H 及 PhSSPh受到显著抑制.本体系明显优于最近文献报道的其他反应体系.讨论了反应机理,给出了表明反应主要是阴离子型链式机理的进一步证据:反应速度和产物分布对水、醇等给质子性杂质敏感,对氢原子供体型溶剂及光、氧、自由基捕获剂不敏感;在以 CCl_4为溶剂的反应中,得到 PhSCF_2Cl 和属于~-CCl_3的产物,而未检测到自由基型机理所预期的 CCl_3CCl_3.     

Ascorbate-induced oxidation of formate by peroxodisulfate: product yields,kinetics and mechanism

The slow reaction between peroxodisulfate and formate is significantly accelerated by ascorbate at room temperature. The products of this induced oxidation, CO₂ and oxalate (C₂O^2– ₄), were analyzed by several methods and the kinetics of this reaction were measured. The overall mechanism involves free radical species. Ascorbate reacts with peroxodisulfate to initiate production of the sulfate radical ion (SO^– ₄), which reacts with formate to produce carbon dioxide radical ion (CO^– ₂) and sulfate. The carbon dioxide radical reacts with peroxodisulfate to form CO₂ or self-combines to form oxalate. Competition occurring between these two processes determines the overall fate of the carbon dioxide radical species. As pH decreases, protonation of the carbon dioxide radical ion tends to favor production of CO₂.     

氮氧自由基的研究VIII. 关于溶剂极性经验参数的讨论

作者测定了有机溶剂-水二元混合溶剂体系中2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶1-氧自由基(TMPO)的ESRaN 值. 这类混合溶剂体系中aN-m关系可归属有机二元混合溶剂体系的四种典型线关系. 比较了几种溶剂极性经验参数, 说明各种经验极参数-m关系图的差异是特定模型反痘中溶剂分子与溶质分子间相互作用不同的反映. 对二元混合溶剂体系而言, aN-Er(30),aN-Z一般不具有线线性关系, 认为溶剂极性经验参数是溶剂(包括溶剂混合物)对模型化合物溶剂化能力的标度, 给出了在各种溶剂体系中的aN 测定值, 作为溶剂对中性偶极分子相对溶剂化能力的经验标度.     

Interaction between sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate and the adriamycin semiquinone free radical: A possible mechanism for antagonizing adriamycin-induced cardiotoxity

Adriamycin (ADR) is a powerful and widely used antitumor drug, but its dose dependent cardiotoxicity limits its application. This side effect is believed to be caused by the adriamycin semiquinone free radical (ASFR). The primary focus of this work is to test effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) on ASFR and adriamycin–induced lipid peroxidation. It was found that ADR, whether in the system of heart homogenate, heart mitochondria or heart submitochondria, with NADH as the substrate or in xanthine/xanthine oxidase under anaerobic conditions, all produced ASFR rapidly. STS was shown to effectively scavenge ASFR in all these systems and postpone the appearance of ASFR. The delayed time was proportional to the amount of STS. Under aerobic conditions, ASFR could be oxidized to generate oxygen free radicals. STS could not scavenge these oxygen free radicals, but it could effectively scavenge lipid free radicals generated from membrane lipid peroxidation of heart mitochondria. STS could significantly reduce mitochondrial swelling and lipid peroxidation induced by ADR. Animal experiments show that treatment of STS could inhibit endogenous lipid peroxidation caused by ADR. Here, a protective mechanism of STS is suggested that STS can rapidly and univalently oxidize ASFR, causing the cycle of adriamycin between its quinone form and semiquinone form and inhibiting the accumulation of ASFR. Under aerobic condition, STS can protect heart mitochondria by scavenging lipid free radicals generated from adriamycin-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. This investigation shows that STS may be a physiological drug to antagonize the cardiotoxicity of ADR.     

碳笼化学(下)

本文介绍并评述了碳笼化学的最新进展, 指出这是一个前景十分诱人的现代化学新兴领域。     

微乳液的热力学性质 I: 芳烃类的侧链链长对微乳液热力学函数影响

本文研究以非离子型表面活性剂-正辛醇-水-芳烃类所组成的微乳液, 探讨醇从油相转移到界面相时的自由能变化, 以及温度对自由能的影响。计算出熵和焓的变化, 发现在实验范围内, 上述热力学函数的对数值与芳烃侧链的碳原子数(n)呈线性关系。这些关系式对微乳液的构成和稳定性的讨论是重要的, 还对几种芳烃异构体所构成的微乳液的热力学函数进行了实验和讨论。     

CH_2CH(~2A')自由基与臭氧反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学MP2（full）方法,在6－311+ +G~(**)基组水平上研究了CH_2CH (~2A~＇)自由基与臭氧反应的机理,全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过 渡态和产物的几何构型,在QCISD（T,full）/6-311+ +G~(**)水平上计算了它们的 能量,并对它们进行了振动分析,以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性,研究结果表明 ：CH_2CH(~2A~＇)自由基与臭氧反应有两条可行的反应通道,分别为：CH_2CH (~2A~＇)+O_3→TS1→M1→TS2→O_2+OCH_2CH→TS4+O_2→O_2(~3∑_g)+CH_2CHO (~2A~＂)和CH_2CH(~2A~＇)+O_3→M2→TS3→O_2(~3∑_g)+CHO(~2A~＂),后一个反 应通道较容易发生,而且反应活化能小（2.97kJ/mol）,说明CH_2CH(~2A~＇)自由 基与臭氧之间的反应活性很强。     

用于固有振动分析的动态有限元阻抗矩阵

目前所用的动态有限元通常是以质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的频率展开式来表述的．本文提出单一的阻抗矩阵展式，从而无需分别导出质量阵和刚度阵的展开项，使建立动态有限元的工作大为简化，并可避免出现不正确的刚度阵展开项的矛盾。此外，还指出质量阵、刚度阵展开项和阻抗阵展开项之间存在一定的关系．对长方形弯曲板元，导出了直到二阶的阻抗阵展开项，并作为算例，计算了一个正方形悬臂板的固有频率。     

p-硝基氯苯与α氰基乙酸乙酯-α-碳负离子的电子转移反应动力学研究: 非链式的自由基机理

在p-硝基氯苯(1)与α-氰基乙酰乙酯-α-碳负离子(2)的反应过程中, 测得了反应中间体p-硝基氯苯负离子自由基(3)的ESR谱。用ESR场/频联锁技术测定了(3)的ESR吸收强度-时间曲线, 当[1]《[2]时, 其结果与连续一级反应动力学相吻合。测得了从2向1的电子转移和3的分解反应速率常数和活化参数, 反应产物为α-氰基-α-(p-硝基苯基)乙酸乙酯和微量的硝基苯。为该反应提出了非链式的电子转移-负离子自由基分解-自由基偶合机理。     

氮氧自由基研究XVII:水溶液中哌啶氮氧自由基的电化学行为和自衰变动力学研究

循环伏安法研究表明,2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶-1-氧自由基和2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧哌啶-1-氧自由基,在水溶液中的单电子氧化电极反应的可逆性随介质酸性,扫描速度和自由基浓度增加而增加,表明电极氧化产物可进一步发生化学反应.