利用爆磁压缩发生器产生高功率脉冲高电压

 爆磁压缩发生器产生脉冲高电压技术可以用于产生高功率微波及强电磁脉冲的实验研究。给出了利用螺旋型爆磁压缩发生器（HEMG）驱动电爆炸丝功率调节系统产生高功率脉冲高电压的实验方法和主要的结果。在利用HEMG驱动电爆炸丝断路开关（EEOS）产生脉冲高电压实验中，获得了最高电压700~800kV,功率大于20GW的脉冲输出。     

Analysis of concentration patterns in volcanic rocks: Insights into dynamics of highly explosive volcanic eruptions

In this contribution we present new data resulting from the analysis of concentration patterns of mixed juvenile fragments ejected by a highly explosive volcanic eruption that occurred on Salina Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) and our aim is to identify the fluid-dynamic regime characterizing the magma mixing process. Concentration patterns are studied by calculating the power spectrum of concentration variability along transects crossing the magma mixing structures. Results indicate that the slope of power spectrum has an average value of about −5/3, according to Kolmogorov law of turbulence, and suggest that the magma mixing process, in the studied conditions, can be approximated by considering the passive scalar mixing hypothesis in homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow. These results represent a first step towards a better understanding of magma mixing processes associated to highly explosive volcanic eruptions and this first step is taken by studying concentration patterns in volcanic rocks by coupling petrological and non-linear dynamics methods.     

轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器理论模型

 对轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器进行了理论模型研究，建立了爆炸管的一维爆轰驱动模型、螺线管内空间磁场强度分布模型、爆炸管外表面磁压力模型和发生器系统的等效电路模型等，对此类发生器的物理过程进行系统描述。在此基础上，编制了相应的零维数值模拟程序CEMG 1.0，利用该程序分别对四种不同模型参数的发生器进行了理论计算和参数优化，并对其中一模型发生器爆炸管外表面的磁压力及其引起的剩余电感进行了计算，给出了剩余电感与初始输入条件及负载电感的关系，从而得到该模型的输出性能极限。对理论模型的正确性进行了实例验算证明。     

Sensitive Voltammetric Sensing of the 2,3‐Dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (Dmnb) Explosive Taggant

The highly sensitive voltammetric detection of the 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (DMNB), a required additive to commercial plastic explosives, is described. The protocol relies on a fast square‐wave voltammetric measurement of the DMNB explosive taggant at an unmodified carbon fiber electrode using a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) solution. Different solutions and working electrodes were evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, a linear response is observed over the 300–3000 μg/L DMNB concentration range examined, with a detection limit of 60 μg/L. A highly stable response, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6%, is observed for 30 repetitive measurements. Such electrochemical approach offers great promise for a simple, rapid, sensitive and inexpensive field screening of plastic explosives. Preliminary data illustrate the utility of electrochemical detection for electrophoretic microchips for the simultaneous measurements of DMNB, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN).     

爆炸波在饱和土中与障碍物相互作用的解析法

对爆炸波作用下饱和水土介质中的状态方程进行了适当的简化，解析得到了突如衰减三角形冲击荷载作用下，爆炸波遇刚性障碍的反射系数及障碍物的运动规律。     

爆炸焊接L2/16MnR界面反应区显微结构

用ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＳ、ＴＥＭ对Ｌ２／１６ＭｎＲ爆炸焊接界面反应区进行了研究。结果发现：该区是由非晶、微晶、准晶相和多种Ｆｅ、Ａｌ化合物组成的混合组织；化合物种类有Ａｌ３Ｆｅ、Ａｌ２Ｆｅ、Ａｌ６Ｆｅ、Ａｌ５Ｆｅ２、ＡｌＦｅ。分析了反应区和混合组织的形成机制。     

阻火器壳体结构与爆轰火焰状态关系研究

针对大型煤矿瓦斯运输管道甲烷爆轰过程中火焰压力波和速度与阻火器结构的匹配问题,对阻火器壳体结构变化与管道内火焰压力和速度的关系进行了仿真研究,仿真中对不同尺寸的阻火器壳体结构建立了二维几何模型和网格模型,采用RNC k-e湍流模型和通用有限速率燃烧模型,运用FLUENT软件对煤管内可燃气体爆轰过程进行了模拟.得到了阻火器壳体内径尺寸、阻火器内有无障碍物与爆轰火焰压力和速度的变化规律,通过分析阻火器内火焰速度和压力的规律,为管道爆轰阻火器的设计和选型提供更为准确的参考依据.     

Optical sensing of explosives in wastewater by competitive complexation

A facile strategy for optical sensing of explosives with the assistance of 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine(MEL) in aqueous solution is proposed. Upon exposure to MEL, the electron-sufficient amino group in MEL was prone to form complexes with electron-deficient nitro group in explosives. The interaction could be tuned by the amount of MEL to fully consumed nitro-contained explosives dissolved in wastewater, thus prevented the gold nanoparticles(GNPs) from combining with MEL. In comparison with common detection method, the dose-response curve procedure reported here was in good linear relationship from 0 μM to 80 μM with good correlation factor(R~2= 0.9871), and was satisfactorily agreed with the proposed theoretical model. The detection limit(Lo D) was1.1 μM by spectrometer, 3.0 μM visualized by naked eyes and 21.3 nM by calculation. The procedure described in this study could be finished within a few minutes and showed its effectiveness in explosive detection upright on the gold surface in real wastewater, making this proposed method a powerful tool in several sensing platforms.     

谈快速力量在标枪训练中的作用

快速力量是速度与力量的综合表现，它的提高受速度与力量的牵制。它对许多运动项目的成绩有重要影响，尤其是投掷项目。本文结合标枪的项目特点，通过快速力量的训练，说明快速力量在标枪训练中具有改善神经系统，保证技术练习，提高身体素质以及调控训练量的作用。     

Comparison of an antibody and its recombinant derivative for the detection of the small molecule explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene

Antibodies are commonly used as recognition elements in immunoassays because of their high specificity and affinity, and have seen extensive use in competitive assays for the detection of small molecules. However, these complex molecules require production either in animals or by mammalian cell cultures, and are not easily tailored through genetic manipulation. Single chain antibodies (scFv), recombinantly expressed molecules consisting of only the antibody's binding region joined via a linking peptide, can provide an alternative to intact antibodies. We describe the characterization of a new monoclonal antibody (mAb), 2G5B5, able to detect the small molecule explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and the scFv derived from its variable regions. The mAb and scFv were tested by surface plasmon resonance to determine their affinity for an immobilized TNT surrogate; dissociation constants were determined to be 1.5 × 10⁻¹³ M and 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ M respectively. Circular dichroism was used to determine their melting temperatures. The mAb is more stable melting at ∼75 °C while the scFv melts at ∼65 °C. The recognition elements were incorporated into a competitive assay format using a bead-based multiplexing platform to examine their sensitivity and specificity. The scFv was able to detect TNT ∼10-fold more sensitively than the mAb in this assay format, allowing detection of TNT concentrations down to at least 1 μg L⁻¹. The 2G5B gave similar detection limits to a commercial anti-TNT mAb, but was less specific, recognizing 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) equally well as TNT.