Events and Observables in Generally Invariant Spacetime Theories

We address the problem of observables in generally invariant spacetime theories such as Einstein’s general relativity. Using the refined notion of an event as a “point-coincidence” between scalar fields that completely characterise a spacetime model, we propose a generalisation of the relational local observables that does not require the existence of four everywhere invertible scalar fields. The collection of all point-coincidences forms in generic situations a four-dimensional manifold, that is naturally identified with the physical spacetime.     

The human brain,social conformity,and presidential elections

This paper investigates aggregate voting behavior in American presidential elections from 1904 to 1980; the state is unit of analysis. We abandon the traditional assumption that voting is a rational process and instead construct a model to test the power of social conformity over voting decisions. The model, which uses the entropy measure of statistical information theory, allows specific numerical tests of its validity and, additionally, reveals unexpected dynamic patterns in voting behavior. We find four distinct processes related to social conformity that affect voter turnout and the distribution of votes among presidential candidates. A mathematical model for each process is identified and parameters are estimated from election data.     

体育恐怖袭击事件探析

通过对体育赛事中发生的恐怖袭击事件进行梳理,探析重大体育恐怖袭击事件发生的特征与深层次原因,发现：政治霸权与政治纷争是体育恐怖袭击事件发生的本质原因;体育赛事的高影响度是体育恐怖袭击事件发生的主要原因;不同体育文明冲突与意识形态是体育恐怖袭击事件发生的重要原因。提出预防和消除体育恐怖袭击事件的对策：全球共同努力建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序;发挥体育推动世界和平共处与社会和谐发展的功能;加强大型体育赛事的安保措施。     

Event-enhanced quantum theory and piecewise deterministic dynamics

The standard formalism of quantum theory is enhanced and definite meaning is given to the concepts of experiment, measurement and event. Within this approach one obtains a uniquely defined piecewise deterministic algorithm generating quantum jumps, classical events and histories of single quantum objects. The wave-function Monte Carlo method of Quantum Optics is generalized and promoted to the level of a fundamental process generating all the real events in Nature. The already worked out applications include SQUID-tank model and generalized cloud chamber model with GRW spontaneous localization as a particular case. Differences between the present approach and quantum measurement theories based on environment-induced master equations are stressed. Questions: what is classical, what is time, and what observers are addressed. Possible applications of the new approach are suggested, among them connection between the stochastic commutative geometry and Connes' noncommutative formulation of the Standard Model, as well as potential applications to the theory and practice of quantum computers.     

“生活化”,使思想品德课教学“返朴归真”

生活是思想品德的基础."生活化"教学,就是教学中要重视学生的生活实际,从学生身边的生活琐事,寻找教学的切入点和联系点,以求理论与实际的最佳结合."生活化"的思想品德课堂包含两个方面:一是教学内容要体现学生生活,并能有效地指导学生生活;二是学习活动的组织形式必须是学生喜闻乐见的,必须是学生凭借生活经验能够容易感知和有效参与的.     

群体性事件网络传播的引导策略

在社会转型、法治进步的时代大背景下,在贫富差距扩大的社情下,群体性事件在网络上的传播是不可避免的大众政治诉求的体现。在群体性事件网络传播的引导策略中,应坚持以疏为主,进行有效的网络舆情管理,以客观坦诚的态度及时披露信息,通过权威意见和民间领袖意见来防止谣言的泛滥和进行有效的舆情引导。     

关于事件相互独立的一个定理

提出了独立事件经交并逆运算后还存在独立性的一个定理,并举了它的一个应用例子     

《西国近事汇编》及其船舶制造技术传播

目的 重新评价<西国近事汇编>的新闻传播价值和科学技术传播价值.方法 原始文献分析与考证方法.结果 有关船舶制造技术的报道有223条,主要涉及船舶种类、总体设计和相关制造技术.种类有铁甲船、木质船、水雷船、通信船;总体设计包括船名、船长、船阔、容量、重量、速率、动力配置和火炮配置;相关制造技术有修水道、建船厂、救生船、溷水衣、起沉船之法.结论 <西国近事汇编>是早期国人办报的成功尝试,在新闻传播史上具有重大意义.首次持续广泛地传播船舶制造技术,不仅直接启发指导了洋务派的船舶制造,还对此后中国船舶制造技术的传播、发展有着深远的影响.     

国际关系研究中的数学模型方法

本文在一组机器事件编码的数据基础上,结合社会网络分析和复杂网络分析方法构造了国际关系的数学模型/基于依赖和对抗关系的有向加权网络。在此基础上,研究国际关系网络的三个结构参数：度,核数,节点介数及其随时间变化的规律。讨论上述三个参数所代表的实际含义,以此分析国际关系随时间变化的趋势,并分析重大事件的国际影响以及几个主要国家国际地位的变化。