Analysis of Spectinomycin by HPLC with Evaporative Light-Scattering Detection

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD) has been developed for analysis of spectinomycin and related impurities. Separation of spectinomycin from structurally related impurities was achieved on a C₁₈ column. The optimized mobile phase was 25 mmol L⁻¹ ammonium acetate (pH 7.5)-methanol, 90:10 (v/v), at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min⁻¹. The temperature of the drift tube of the ELSD was 95°C and the flow rate of carrier gas was 2.2 L min⁻¹. The accuracy, specificity, precision, linearity, sensitivity, and robustness of the method were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. In addition to determination of spectinomycin and related impurities, the method is also ideal for determination of the salts spectinomycin hydrochloride and spectinomycin sulfate.     

温和化学渗透剂对解脂假丝酵母神经酰胺含量的影响

为了分析温和化学渗透剂木瓜蛋白酶、甘氨酸对解脂假丝酵母33M Candida lipolytica中神经酰胺含量的影响,分别采用氯仿甲醇抽提法和乙醇抽提法提取神经酰胺,用固相萃取法（SPE）分离神经酰胺与其它膜中脂类,并用薄层色谱（TLC）方法和高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射器（HPLC-ELSD）对其进行定性和定量分析,结果表明：加温和化学渗透剂木瓜蛋白酶、甘氨酸能增加解脂假丝酵母中的神经酰胺含量,并以木瓜蛋白酶效果最好。     

Chemical fingerprint analysis and quantitative determination of steroidal compounds from Dioscorea villosa,Dioscorea species and dietary supplements using UHPLC‐ELSD

Ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with evaporative light scattering detection was used for the quantification of steroidal saponins and diosgenin from the rhizomes or tubers of various Dioscorea species and dietary supplements that were purported to contain Dioscorea. The analysis was performed on an Acquity UPLC? system with an UPLC? BEH Shield RP₁₈ column using a gradient elution with water and acetonitrile. Owing to their low UV absorption, the steroidal saponins were observed by evaporative light scattering detection. The 12 compounds could be separated within 15 min using the developed UHPLC method with detection limits of 5–12 µg/mL with 2 μL injection volume. The analytical method was validated for linearity, repeatability, accuracy, limits of detection and limits of quantification. The relative standard deviations for intra‐ and inter‐day experiments were <3.1%, and the recovery efficiency was 97–101%. The total content of standard compounds was found to be in the ranges 0.01–14.5% and 0.9–28.6 mg daily intake for dry plant materials and solid commercial preparations, respectively. UHPLC–mass spectrometry with a quadrupole mass analyzer and ESI source was used only for confirmation of the identity of the various saponins. The developed method is simple, rapid and especially suitable for quality control analysis of commercial products. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

反相高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定紫苏子油中的α-亚麻酸

建立了反相高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(RP-HPLC-ELSD)测定紫苏子油中α-亚麻酸含量的方法。紫苏子油样用0.5 mol/L的KOH-CH3OH溶液于60 ℃水浴中皂化20 min、6 mol/L的盐酸酸化后用无水乙醚萃取,再用氮气流吹干乙醚，用甲醇溶解并定容,然后直接进行RP-HPLC-ELSD分析。结果表明,当α-亚麻酸质量为6.2～45.4 μg时,其峰面积A的对数(lg A)与α-亚麻酸质量m(μg)的对数(lg m)呈线性关系,线性方程为lg A=1.3675·lg m－1.628,相关系数为0.9973(n＝5)。以信噪比S/N=3计算,方法的检出限为0.11 μg。被分析的紫苏子油中α-亚麻酸的含量为6.79%(质量分数),相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.1%(n=5)；平均回收率为102%,RSD为6.3%(n=5)。该方法简单、快速、准确。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定生物柴油中的游离甘油

采用液液萃取及高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测技术,建立了生物柴油中游离甘油含量的测定方法.待测生物柴油经乙腈-水(75:25)抽提并离心分离后,取部分下层水相进行分析.优化的色谱条件为:色谱柱Inertsil NH2 (250 nun ×4.6 mm,5μm );流动相为乙腈-水(75:25);流速1.0 mL/min;...     

Supercritical fluid extraction of lipids from linseed with on-line evaporative light scattering detection

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a green alternative method of extraction for neutral lipids in seeds compared to conventional methods utilizing organic solvents. In this work, a novel method where SFE is hyphenated with an evaporative light scattering detector is presented. The method was subsequently applied to determine lipid content in crushed linseed. The new method enables rapid quantification of extracted lipids as well as be ability to continuously monitor the extraction rate in real-time, thus being able to determine the time point of completed extraction.     

龙加通络胶囊多成分的定性及定量研究

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术(HPLC-MS/MS)对龙加通络胶囊多种成分进行定性分析,并建立了其中6种主要药效成分的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测/蒸发光散射检测联用(HPLC-DAD/ELSD)定量分析方法。定性分析方法采用Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱进行分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。定性分析结果根据质谱信息对其中18种化合物进行了成分归属,其中7种为文献未报道的化合物。定量分析方法采用相同的色谱柱和流动相在不同的梯度程序下进行梯度洗脱。DAD采用双波长同时检测:紫丁香苷(254 nm)、异嗪皮啶(350 nm)和绿原酸(350 nm);ELSD检测薯蓣皂苷、原薯蓣皂苷和伪原薯蓣皂苷3种甾体皂苷成分,检测条件为漂移管温度:100℃,气体流速:1.8 L/min,雾化器温度:40℃。定量分析结果显示,6种成分在各自的检测范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.999 6~0.999 9;6种成分的平均加标回收率为99.9%~100.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.90%~1.4%。精密度、重复性以及24 h稳定性考察中,6种成分的RSD均小于2%。该方法准确可靠、重复性好,可用于龙加通络胶囊多成分的质量控制。     

Simultaneous determination of 15 marker constituents in various radix Astragali preparations by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography

An improved quality control method was developed to simultaneously determine 15 major constituents (eight flavonoids and seven saponins) in various radix Astragali preparations, using SPE for pretreatment of samples, HPLC with diode-array and evaporative light scattering detectors (DAD-ELSD) for quantification in one run, and HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS for definite identification of compounds in preparations. Optimum separations were obtained with a ZORBAX C(18) column, using a gradient elution with 0.3% aqueous formic acid and ACN. This established method was fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy, and was successfully applied to quantify the 15 compounds in 19 commercial samples, including 3 dosage forms, i. e., oral solution, injection, concentrated granule, and its processed products of radix Astragali. The results demonstrated that many factors might result in significant differences in quality of the final preparations, including crude drugs, pretreatment processes, manufacturing procedure, storage conditions, etc. Then the developed method provided a reasonable and powerful manner to ensure the efficacy, safety, and batch-to-batch uniformity of radix Astragali products by standardizing each procedure, and thus should be proposed as quality control for the clinical use and modernization of herbal preparations.     

Evaluation of the coupling between ultra performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector for selected phytochemical applications

Fast analysis in LC can be performed with sub-2 microm particles at very high pressures (up to 1000 bar) known as ultra performance LC (UPLC). With this configuration, it is possible to obtain fast and/or highly efficient separations compared to conventional LC. For the analysis of compounds without chromophores, the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is an attractive alternative because of its quasi-universality, versatility, low-cost and good sensitivity. The UPLC-ELSD was investigated in terms of sensitivity and apparent efficiency, with a conventional ELSD instrument, for two types of commercially available nebulisers, using different mobile phase flow rates and column ids. Results were finally compared with the UPLC-UV configuration. Three applications with phytochemical compounds were selected to highlight the potential of this approach (i.e. the isocratic separations of artemisinin and its derivatives, of calystegines and the gradient separation of several tropane alkaloids). Depending on the used column length, baseline separations were obtained in 3-10 min, with an average apparent efficiency ranging from 7000 to 30,000 plates.     

Simple method for determination of five terpenoids from different parts of Tripterygium wilfordii and its preparations by HPLC coupled with evaporative light scattering detection

By optimizing the extraction, separation, and analytical conditions, a reliable and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was developed for simultaneous determination of five terpenoids, i.e., triptolide, tripchlorolide, demethylzelastral, wilforlide B, and wilforlide A, in root, stem, leaves, root bark, twig, and root without bark of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f and six of its herbal preparations. This approach would thus provide a more accurate and general method for evaluating the quality of the herb and its preparations. Separation of these five terpenoids was achieved on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 column with gradient elution using water and acetonitrile as solvents, both containing 0.05% formic acid, at a temperature of 30 degrees C and a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set at 100 degrees C, and the nitrogen flow rate at 1.5 L/min. Good linear relationships were obtained with correlation coefficients for the analytes exceeding 0.992, and the LOD and LOQ were less than 0.149 microg and 0.297 microg on column, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision of the analytes were less than 1.25% and 5.97%, respectively, and the average recovery rates obtained were in the range of 95.9 +/- 3.7% to 100.4 +/- 5.0% for all terpenoids with RSDs below 4.99%. Quantitative analysis of the five terpenoids in different parts of Tripterygium wilfordii and its six preparations showed that the contents of the terpenoids varied significantly. The tender root contained higher concentrations of triptolide, tripchlorolide, demethylzelastral, and wilforlide B than any other part of the herb. Correspondingly, the root bark contained the greatest concentration of wilforlide A, and the stem and twig came in second and third. This suggested that we could infer whether the medicinal materials were absolute roots without bark or not from the comparative contents of these terpenoids in the tablets in view of the fact that only the roots without bark are the valid officinal part of the plant. This method and the quantitation results obtained can provide a scientific and general as well as simple and convenient approach for the product manufacturers to set up quality control standards and for informing the public about the quality and safety of the preparations.