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1.
硅藻土是单细胞硅藻的遗骸经自然条件形成的硅质沉积岩,因其具有质轻、大的比表面积、超强的吸附性、隔音、耐磨、耐热以及耐腐蚀等特点而被广泛应用于化工、石油、建材、生物医药卫生以及环保等众多领域。然而由于硅藻土与白炭黑的结构成分相似,白炭黑通常用作橡胶的补强填料,目前硅藻土用于橡胶补强填料的研究鲜少报道。本文综述了硅藻土的性能、硅藻土的国内外研究现状、硅藻土的改性以及硅藻土增强橡胶复合材料的制备过程,并对硅藻土增强橡胶复合材料的发展趋势做了展望。  相似文献   
2.
The fundamental understanding of the behavior of a solid is intimately related to the understanding of the interactions on the surface of the latter, a major challenge in particular if the material is natural and ecological. The infinite dilution-inverse gas chromatography was used to evaluate the surface thermodynamic properties of several phases (grafted and/or coated) diatomite. A series of non- or polar-solute probes were injected at temperatures of 45?°C and 90?°C. The dispersive surface free energies values of the supports decrease with increasing temperature and their active surface is amphoteric with predominantly acidic character.  相似文献   
3.
Hierarchically porous carbons were prepared using a facile preparation method in which diatomite was utilized as both template and catalyst. The porous structures of the carbon products and their formation mechanisms were investigated. The macroporosity and microporosity of the diatomite-templated carbons were derived from replication of diatom shell and structure-reconfiguration of the carbon film, respectively. The macroporosity of carbons was strongly dependent on the original morphology of the diatomite template. The macroporous structure composed of carbon plates connected by the pillar- and tube-like macropores resulted from the replication of the central and edge pores of the diatom shells with disk-shaped morphology, respectively. And another macroporous carbon tubes were also replicated from canoe-shaped diatom shells. The acidity of diatomite dramatically affected the porosity of the carbons, more acid sites of diatomite template resulted in higher surface area and pore volume of the carbon products. The diatomite-templated carbons exhibited higher adsorption capacity for methylene blue than the commercial activated carbon (CAC), although the specific surface area was much smaller than that of CAC, due to the hierarchical porosity of diatomite-templated carbons. And the carbons were readily reclaimed and regenerated.  相似文献   
4.
炭化处理高烧失量硅藻土及对天然橡胶的性能补强   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过缺氧条件下煅烧富含有机质的内蒙硅藻土制备了一种含炭的硅藻土,并将这种炭化硅藻土代替部分炭黑用于天然橡胶的补强.采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、热分析、扫描电子显微镜、能谱和万能材料试验机对炭化硅藻土进行结构表征和力学性能测试.结果表明,于600℃进行2h的缺氧锻烧处理后,硅藻土中的有机质已经转化为无定形碳紧密吸附于硅藻土...  相似文献   
5.
The mechanical properties of dental composites were improved by porous diatomite and nano-sized silica (OX-50) used as co-fillers.The resin composites,filled with silanized OX-50 and silanized diatomit...  相似文献   
6.
The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of anionic dyes Reactive Red M-8B(RR) and Direct Green B(DG) adsorbed on chitosan-modified diatomite. The characteristics of adsorbent, adsorption isotherms and the influence of adsorption time, temperature and pH were researched in this work. The results show that the mo- dified diatomite had a much better adsorption capability than the natural diatomite. The adsorption capacities of chitosan-modified diatomite for RR and DG were 94.46 and 137.0 mg/g, respectively. Both adsorption time and adsorption temperature provided a positive effect on the dye adsorption. Within the experimental pH range, the adsorbance was enhanced at lower pH but reduced sharply at high pH. On the basis of the experimental results and discussion, electrostatic attraction is considered as the main mechanism of this chemisorption.  相似文献   
7.
改性硅藻土对富营养化水体中磷的吸附行为   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以硅藻土原土为原料,通过碱洗及浸渍负载羟基氧化铁对其进行改性,利用SEM、XRD及物理吸附仪对改性硅藻土的形貌、比表面积等进行表征,并研究了改性硅藻土对富营养化水体中磷的吸附性能。结果表明,(1)改性后,硅藻土杂质元素减少,孔径明显增大,比表面积增大23倍,并有效负载了β-FeO(OH);(2)其对磷的吸附受温度及pH值的影响,温度越高,达到吸附平衡时间越短,吸附容量也越大;在pH值为4~11之间,吸附容量随pH的增大而减小;(3)拟二级反应动力学方程,能准确地描述改性硅藻土对磷的吸附,而粒内扩散,不是改性硅藻土对磷吸附的唯一控制步骤;(4)改性硅藻土在富营养化水体中对磷的吸附行为,符合Freundlich等温线方程,其吸附过程为物理吸附,吸附过程焓变(H)为39.949kJ/mol,各温度下的自由能变(G)均小于零,熵变(S)均为正值,该吸附过程是自发的吸热物理过程。  相似文献   
8.
王志军 《科技资讯》2011,(33):75-76
硅藻土是一种是由古代生物硅藻遗骸沉积形成的一种化石性硅藻堆积土矿床。研究表明,硅藻土作为改性材料添加到沥青混合料当中,对提高沥青混合料的高温抗车辙性能提高较大。吉林省在硅藻土改性沥青混合料的推广应用方面具有很多成功的经验,通过实体工程调查和检验,硅藻土改性沥青路面的高温抗车辙性能同对比路段相比均有所提高。  相似文献   
9.
通过测定云南先峰硅藻土对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用,求出吸附值来考察硅藻土的吸附能力。然后用硅藻土来处理白酒的基酒,以消除白酒中的异味,怪味和某些缺陷,使白酒具有较好的口感和色香味。结果表明,四种型号的硅藻土对亚甲基蓝均具有明显的吸附作用,其吸附能力强弱为:Ⅲ〉Ⅳ〉Ⅱ〉Ⅰ。在对基酒的处理中,当Ⅰ号与Ⅱ号硅藻土的配比为1:1时,其对基酒的处理效果较为理想。  相似文献   
10.
用酸性红3R染料溶液模拟染料废水,在可见光强度为91 700μW/cm2,紫外线强度为499μW/cm2的太阳光照射下,研究了自制纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合材料的光催化性能。同时探讨了体系pH、光照时间以及染料初始浓度对光催化效果的影响。实验结果为:当体系溶液pH=3时,光照时间越长,染料初始浓度越低,光催化效果越好。  相似文献   
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