Establishment of hybrid-derived offspring populations in the Ohomopterus ground beetles through unidirectional hybridization

An approach to deduce the mechanism of stabilization of the hybrid-derived populations in the Ohomopterus ground beetles has been made by comparative studies on the phylogenetic trees of the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. A phylogenetic tree based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal gene roughly reflects the relations of morphological species group, while mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene shows a considerable different topology on the tree; there exist several geographically-linked lineages, most of which consist of more than one species. These results suggest that the replacement of mitochondria has occurred widely in the Ohomopterus species. In most cases, hybridization is unidirectional, i.e., the species A (♂) hybridized with another species B (♀) and not vice versa, with accompanied replacement of mitochondria of A by those of B. The results also suggest that partial or complete occupation of the distribution territory by a hybrid-derived morphological species. The morphological appearance of the resultant hybrid-derivatives are recognized as that of the original species A. Emergence of a morphological new species from a hybrid-derived population has been exemplified.     

Changes in the composition of volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes of Pinus armandi, P. tabulaeformis, and P. bungeana in Northwest China

The volatile mono-and sesquiterpenes obtained from the needles and resin of Pinus armandi, P. tabulaeformis, and P. bungeana growing in the Qinling, Taibai, and Huanglong Mountain forest ecosystem were analyzed by means of GC-MS. Forty-eight constituents were identified, and α-pinene, β-pinene, 1R-α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, cadindiene, α-caryophyllene, D-limonene, and 1S-β-pinene were the major components of the mono-and sesquiterpenes in the needles and resin. The components of the volatile mono-and sesquiterpenes from the needles and resin at Qinling, Taibai, and Huanglong Mountains had remarkable differences in three pine species, whereas the monopertene content such as α-pinene, β-pinene, D-limonene, and camphene were mostly changed in the growing stage. The intraspecies variation in the different ecosystems can be attributed to the species’ geography and genetic variation, and even the adaptation of the pine species to different ecological environments. Moreover, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes can be induced by the attack of bark beetles, of which the α-pinene, β-pinene, 1R-α-pinene, 1S-α-pinene, b-myrecene, and β-caryophyllene contents had positive relations with the attacking Dendroctonus armandi and D. valens. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 430–433, September–October, 2006.     

6种瓢虫的RAPD分析及在分类上应用的研究

利用随机引物分别对6种瓢虫的DNA进行了聚合酶链式反应（RAPD－PCR）的实验。结果显示，用相同引物扩增不同种瓢虫的基因组DNA，扩增产物多态性DNA片段的数目是不同的；两种不同引物的扩增产物中，各自呈现出种、属的特异性片段，其可用于种、属的鉴别；聚类图显示了种、属之间亲缘关系的远近程度，并与形态学分类结果相一致。实验分析还发现：七星瓢虫不同个体间多态性DNA特有带较多，遗传较稳定；龟纹瓢虫与之相比，不同个体间多态性DNA的特有带较少，变异程度较大。     

Pheromone synthesis: Part CVII? - synthesis of 2,6-dimethyloctyl formate, a potent mimic of the aggregation pheromone of the flour beetles

A mixture of the four stereoisomers of 2.6-dimethyloctyl formate was synthesized, and found to be a potent mimic of (4R,8R)-4,8-dimethyldecanal, the aggregation pheromone of the flour beetles,Tribolium castaneum andTribolium confusum. For Part CVI, see Mori K and Puapoomchareon P 1988Liebigs Ann. Chem. 175     

二十世纪前夜的吟唱——评托马斯·哈代的诗歌《黑暗中的鸫鸟》

英国著名小说家、杰出的诗人托马斯·哈代的诗作中既有抒情诗、叙事诗,又有哲理诗和政治诗,但在诗歌的形式和格律方面,哈代却深受民间歌谣的影响.<黑暗中的鸫鸟>作为抒情诗歌,诗中那民谣调的均匀流淌、典型的哈代式措辞的奇妙,再加上诗人对荒芜景象的准确描写,使缓慢与静谧的韵调富有创意.哈代在诗中惯用的拟人手法,使诗意表现出一种特有的生机和活力.这首诗是西方二十世纪最早的诗作之一,是哈代对二十世纪即将到来时做出的"新年"思考,从而给全诗赋予了特别的意义.     

二十世纪前夜的吟唱——评托马斯·哈代的诗歌《黑暗中的鸫鸟》

英国著名小说家、杰出的诗人托马斯.哈代的诗作中既有抒情诗、叙事诗,又有哲理诗和政治诗,但在诗歌的形式和格律方面,哈代却深受民间歌谣的影响。《黑暗中的鸫鸟》作为抒情诗歌,诗中那民谣调的均匀流淌、典型的哈代式措辞的奇妙,再加上诗人对荒芜景象的准确描写,使缓慢与静谧的韵调富有创意。哈代在诗中惯用的拟人手法,使诗意表现出一种特有的生机和活力。这首诗是西方二十世纪最早的诗作之一,是哈代对二十世纪即将到来时做出的＂新年＂思考,从而给全诗赋予了特别的意义。     

仿生定向液体输送的功能材料表面设计与应用

无外界能量输入及设备辅助的情况下,在基底表面上控制液体自发输送在微流控和流体低能耗运输中具有重要意义。然而,液体的自发输送会被接触角滞后效应及摩擦阻力所阻碍。自然界中的生物(如蝴蝶翅膀、仙人掌、猪笼草、蜘蛛丝和沙漠甲虫)特殊的表面形貌结构能够将收集到的水分自发输送。受此启发,通过表面调控等方法人工合成材料的仿生表界面也可以自发运输液体。近十余年,仿生表面的液体定向输送得到了广泛关注和深入研究,预期在定向集水、宏观液体输送、油水分离、微流控系统等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本综述系统地介绍了定向运输液体功能材料的原理、合成方法及其应用,深入解析了制约其应用的主要因素,并总结和展望了定向运输液体的功能材料在未来发展中所面对的机遇与挑战。     

（S）-4-苄基-2-噻唑硫酮诱导椰树犀牛甲虫聚集信息素的合成

以（S）-4-苄基-2-噻唑硫酮为手性助剂,与丁烯酰氯进行N-酰化反应,所得酰化产物与溴代正丁烷的铜试剂进行不对称迈克尔加成反应,在NaBH4作用下解脱得到（R）-3-甲基庚醇,再经氰化、水解等反应,合成出椰树犀牛甲虫聚集信息素,其化学总产率为39.45％,光学异构体纯度达93％e.e.以上。     

Developing a Hazomalania voyronii Essential Oil Nanoemulsion for the Eco-Friendly Management of Tribolium confusum,Tribolium castaneum and Tenebrio molitor Larvae and Adults on Stored Wheat

Most insecticides commonly used in storage facilities are synthetic, an issue that generates concerns about food safety and public health. Therefore, the development of eco-friendly pest management tools is urgently needed. In the present study, a 6% (w/w) Hazomalania voyronii essential oil-based nanoemulsion (HvNE) was developed and evaluated for managing Tribolium confusum, T. castaneum, and Tenebrio molitor, as an eco-friendly wheat protectant. Larval and adult mortality was evaluated after 4, 8, and 16 h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days, testing two HvNE concentrations (500 ppm and 1000 ppm). T. confusum and T. castaneum adults and T. molitor larvae were tolerant to both concentrations of the HvNE, reaching 13.0%, 18.7%, and 10.3% mortality, respectively, at 1000 ppm after 7 days of exposure. However, testing HvNE at 1000 ppm, the mortality of T. confusum and T. castaneum larvae and T. molitor adults 7 days post-exposure reached 92.1%, 97.4%, and 100.0%, respectively. Overall, the HvNE can be considered as an effective adulticide or larvicide, depending on the target species. Our results highlight the potential of H. voyronii essential oil for developing green nanoinsecticides to be used in real-world conditions against key stored-product pests.