草间小黑蛛的核型

报道了草间小黑蛛的核型,包括染色体数目、形态结构和性染色体组成．材料采自石家庄市郊区．细胞学数据主要来自对混合胚胎细胞有丝分裂中期的观察．实验结果表明：草间小黑蛛细胞的染色体数是雄体细胞２ｎ＝２４,雌体细胞２ｎ＝２６,性别决定机制为Ｘ１Ｘ２Ｏ系统．Ｘ染色体为全部染色体中最小的和次最小的一个（对）．对其Ｃ－显带标本观察表明,所有染色体均为端或亚端着丝粒染色体,每个染色体都有其特点．     

Sorting out the value of spectroscopic tools to assess the Colletotrichum acutatum impact in olive cultivars with different susceptibilities

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) can be affected by Colletotrichum acutatum, causing a loss of yield and quality of the final products, whilst the incidence of this fungal infection depends on several factors, including cultivar susceptibility. Thus, the effect of C. acutatum infection in cultivars displaying different susceptibilities to this fungal disease (‘Galega Vulgar’ ‐ susceptible, ‘Cobrançosa’ ‐ moderately susceptible, ‘Picual’ ‐ tolerant) has been assessed through spectrophotometric methods and HPLC, while the FTIR spectra of the cuticles have been concomitantly registered, resorting to the ATR accessory. With the support of multivariate analysis, these spectra allowed to discriminate olives with distinct infection times, besides retrieving evidences concerning the different susceptibility of each cultivar, while these observations were reinforced by the spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Furthermore, the assessment of the phenolic profile evidenced individual compounds in the distinct cultivars, so as their variations in response to the fungal infection.     

Epitypification： should we epitypify？

Epitypification can solve many taxonomic problems and stabilize the understanding of species, genera, families or orders. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how to epitypify. A few examples where taxa have been epitypified are considered and the benefits and disadvantages of epitypification are discussed. We also outline some examples of taxa which need to be epitypifled with reasons.     

On the metabolites produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides a fungus proposed for the Ambrosia artemisiifolia biocontrol; spectroscopic data and absolute configuration assignment of colletochlorin A

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is responsible for serious allergies induced on humans. Different approaches for its control were proposed during the COST Action FA1203 “Sustainable management of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe” (SMARTER). Fungal secondary metabolites often show potential herbicidal activity. Three phytotoxins were purified from the fungal culture filtrates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, isolated from infected leaves of A. artemisiifolia. They were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods as colletochlorin A, orcinol and tyrosol (1, 2 and 3). The absolute configuration 6’R to colletochlorin A was assigned for the first time applying the advanced Mosher’s method. When assayed by leaf-puncture on A. artemisiifolia only 1 caused the appearance of large necrosis. The same symptoms were also induced by 1 on ambrosia plantlets associated with plant wilting. On Lemna minor, colletochlorin A caused a clear fronds browning, with a total reduction in chlorophyll content.     

Lipase-catalyzed resolution of 5-acetoxy-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. Application to the synthesis of (+)-(3R,4S)-cis-4-hydroxy-6-deoxyscytalone, a metabolite isolated from Colletotrichum acutatum

(+)-cis-4-Hydroxy-6-deoxyscytalone, a natural product bio-synthesized by Colletotrichum sp., has been prepared and its absolute configuration confirmed as 3R,4S, the key step being a kinetic racemic resolution of a cis-diol easily obtained from commercial 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1,5-diol. Four lipases and different reaction conditions were tested in order to obtain the best yield and enantiomeric excess. Confirmation of absolute configuration was made by NMR using a single-derivatization low-temperature procedure and MPA as the auxiliary reagent.     

Colletotrichine A,a new sesquiterpenoid from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides GT-7, a fungal endophyte of Uncaria rhynchophylla

One new compound, Colletotrichine A (1), was produced by the fungal Colletotrichum gloeosporioides GT-7. The structure was established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of 1 was also evaluated. Compound 1 showed AChE-inhibiting activity with IC₅₀ value of 28 μg/mL.     

希金斯炭疽菌GPCR蛋白生物信息学分析

希金斯炭疽菌可以侵染诸多十字花科植物引起炭疽病,给各国农业生产造成了巨大经济损失.GPCR作为生物体内G蛋白信号转导途径中的重要感知蛋白,在信号传递过程中发挥着重要作用.本研究基于酿酒酵母中已经报道的3个典型GPCR序列,利用Blastp以及关键词对炭疽菌蛋白质数据库进行比对、搜索,以及通过TMHMM、HMMTOP跨膜结构域分析,明确该菌存在4个典型的GPCR;同时,通过对上述氨基酸序列进行细胞信号肽、亚细胞定位以及二级结构等生物信息学分析,明确上述GPCR均具有较高比例的α螺旋结构以及均不含有明显的信号肽序列;在定位方面,4个GPCR均定位在质膜上.此外,通过对希金斯炭疽菌中的4个GPCR与其他物种中的23个同源序列进行遗传关系比较分析,发现该菌中的GPCR与C.graminicola、C.fioriniae等炭疽菌属中的病菌具有较高的同源序列以及较近的亲缘关系.该研究为深入开展希金斯炭疽菌GPCR功能研究打下坚实的理论基础,同时,也为进一步开展其他炭疽菌的研究提供重要的理论指导.     

禾谷炭疽菌候选效应分子评测研究

基于前人对禾谷炭疽菌中已报道的177个候选效应分子的氨基酸数据,结合其他已报道效应分子具有的5个典型特征,通过信号肽预测、跨膜区结构预测以及氨基酸基本特征、半胱氨酸含量等分析,明确82个候选效应分子具有效应分子的典型特征;同时,利用SMART在线分析工具,明确上述效应分子具有高度序列特异性特点.     

利用PCR扩增的核糖体DNAs鉴定禾顶囊壳菌和瓶梗霉

小麦全蚀病是由禾顶囊壳菌引起的小麦根部病害,在全世界范围内普遍发生.用传统的方法鉴别和区分病原菌与非致病菌花费时间长而且有时不准确.本研究利用PCR技术,扩增了15个禾顶囊壳菌和瓶梗霉分离株的核糖体DNAs,并用限制性内切酶Dde I酶切后电泳,结果表明,该法可有效鉴别禾顶囊壳菌和瓶梗霉这2个不同的种.