Chemical Constituents of Ligusticum sinensis Oliv.

The new phenylpropanoid diglycoside ligusinenoside A ( 1 ), and the two new 8,4′‐oxyneolignan(‘8‐O‐4′‐neolignan’) diglycosides ligusinenosides B ( 2 ) and C ( 3 ), together with nine known compounds, were isolated from the rhizomes of Ligusticum sinensis Oliv. The structures of 1 – 3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.     

Limonene concentration in lemon (Citrus volkameriana) peel oil as a function of ripeness

The dependence of the limonene content of lemon (Citrus volkameriana) peel oil on the degree of ripeness of the fruit has been studied by using steam distillation and cold pressing to extract the oils from lemon fruit peel at different stages of maturation (green, greenish-yellow, and yellow-orange peel coloration). Samples of essential oils were analyzed by high resolution GC and GC-MS, using tetradecane as internal standard for quantitation. Forty components were detected; thirty eight were positively identified by comparison of their mass spectra (El, 70 eV) and Kováts retention indexes (determined using a non-logarithmic scale on capillary columns coated with both polar (DB-Wax) and non-polar (DB-1) stationary phases) with those of standards and with data reported in the literature. The limonene concentration reached a maximum level of 79.4% when the fruit was in the intermediate maturation stage characterized by greenish-yellow coloration.     

柑桔果皮中多甲氧基黄酮的LC-APCI-MS定性分析

黄酮化合物是具有多种生物活性的物质,广泛存在于自然界中。单纯为甲氧基取代的多甲氧基黄酮PMF是芸香科多种桔类所特有的,特别是在其果皮中有较高的含量。近年来有关桔皮PMF抗癌的研究取得了很大进展。PMF作为桔皮中的抗癌活性成分,对多种癌细胞有较强的抑制作用,受到国内外的广泛关注。由于桔皮中PMF的主要成分随柑桔种类和产地的不同而有较大差异,所以,筛选含有较强抗癌活性的PMF成分的桔皮种类,是一项非常有意义的工作。文献报道的PMF的分析检测方法主要有液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法等。本文利用液相色谱-大气压化学电离化质谱联用技术定性分析了3种柑桔果皮中PMF的主要成分,并结合紫外吸收光谱进一步确证。     

密闭微波辅助萃取当归粉中的阿魏酸

利用密闭微波样品制备系统(具有压力控制部件),对当归中的有效成分阿魏酸的萃取进行研究,比较了密闭微波萃取同超声波萃取和索氏萃取阿魏酸提取率的差异.结果表明:微波萃取与其他两种萃取方法相比,具有速度快和萃取率高的特点.并得到了阿魏酸提取的最佳条件:微波功率为400 W,萃取剂为90%的乙醇(体积分数),固-液比为1∶15,微波辐射为240 s,当归粒径为75μm.     

A New Dimeric Phthalide from Angelica sinensis

Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Umbelliferae), known as Danggui in Chinese, one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines, is used for tonifying blood and treating female irregular menstruation and amenorrhoea. It is also used for treatment of …     

毛细管区带电泳法测定冬虫夏草中的腺苷、腺嘌呤和尿嘧啶

建立了毛细管区带电泳法测定天然和人工冬虫夏草中腺苷、腺嘌呤和尿嘧啶含量的分析方法。采用15mmol/L硼砂＋14mmol/L磷酸二氢钠＋5％（V／V）甲醇（pH＝9.5）作为缓冲体系，在电压为18kV和检测波长为254nm的条件下，冬虫夏草提取液中的腺苷、腺嘌呤和尿嘧啶实现了基线分离。定量分析表明，3种成分的校正峰面积与质量浓度呈较好的线性关系(r≥0.9991）。考察了缓冲溶液的pH值、浓度及有机改性剂对腺苷、腺嘌呤和尿嘧啶迁移行为的影响。     

Enantiomeric Separation of Adrenergic Amines in Citrus Species, Related Genera and Dietary Supplements by Capillary Electrophoresis

Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) fruit extracts have recently been used for weight loss. Among the adrenergic amines the most important active constituent is the sympathomimetic compound synephrine and commercially available extracts are standardized for their content of this active principle. A capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the quantitative and qualitative determination of d-synephrine, l-synephrine, d-octopamine, l-octopamine, tyramine, n-methyl tyramine and hordenine. The electrophoretic separation was performed using a 75 cm × 50 µm ID (66.5 cm effective length) fused silica capillary. The samples were injected by pressure for 5s at 50 mbar and the running voltage was 30 kV at the injector end of the capillary. The method developed was successively applied to the determination of the adrenergic amines in dietary supplements, in various Citrus species including Citrus aurantium, jams and juices. Synephrine was the main component and present in the levels from 0.02–0.17% in various Citrus species and 0.42–69.28 mg in dietary supplements claiming to contain Citrus aurantium. Parameters affecting the resolution between (+) and (−)-enantiomers, such as pH, cyclodextrin concentration, temperature, organic modifier, buffer concentration and capillary dimensions were reported.     

Mineral content and botanical origin of Spanish honeys

Eleven elements (Zn, P, B, Mn, Mg, Cu, Ca, Ba, Sr, Na and K) were determined by inductively plasma coupled spectrometry in 40 honey samples from different places of Spain and four different botanical origins: Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), Heather (Erica sp.), Orange-blossom (Citrus sinensis) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). K, Ca and P show the higher levels with average concentrations ranged between 434.1-1935 mg kg⁻¹ for K; 42.59-341.0 mg kg⁻¹ for Ca and 51.17-154.3 mg kg⁻¹ for P. Levels of Cu (0.531-2.117 mg kg⁻¹), Ba (0.106-1.264 mg kg⁻¹) and Sr (0.257-1.462 mg kg⁻¹) are the lowest in all honey samples. Zn (1.332-7.825 mg kg⁻¹), Mn (0.133-9.471 mg kg⁻¹), Mg (13.26-74.38 mg kg⁻¹) and Na (11.69-218.5 mg kg⁻¹) concentrations were found strongly dependent on the kind of botanical origin.Results were submitted to pattern recognition procedures, unsupervised methods such as cluster and principal components analysis and supervised learning methods like linear discriminant analysis in order to evaluate the existence of data patterns and the possibility of differentiation of Spanish honeys from different botanical origins according to their mineral content. Cluster analysis shows four clusters corresponding to the four botanical origins of honey and PCA explained 71% of the variance with the first two PC variables. The best-grouped honeys were those from heather; eucalyptus honeys formed a more dispersed group and finally orange-blossom and rosemary honeys formed a less distinguishable group.     

钟萼木种子贮藏与休眠解除技术的研究

通过对新采集的钟萼木种子进行各种处理后进行发芽试验,结果表明,钟萼木种胚、内种皮及胚乳内均含抑制物质且可引起种子休眠,但引起种子休眠的主要原因是种子内缺乏萌发促进物质和酶活性低所致。用ABT生根粉溶液浸种24h或低温(5℃)层积60d,可解除种子休眠,萌发率由28%可提高到80—90%。低温层积后适宜的萌发温度为30℃、25℃和20℃,其次是变量条件(昼30℃,夜20℃),将种子置于聚乙烯薄膜袋内低温(5℃)干藏85d,也可解除休眠,低温干藏85d后再层积20d,解除休眠的效果最佳,如此处理置床后第5d即开始发芽,15d完成萌发过程,萌发率达85%。     

山西三个地区短额负蝗的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对山西短额负蝗3个种群(繁峙、原平和太原)45个个体进行扩增，10条随机引物扩增共产生了125条带，多态性片段为121条，种间共有片段为5条．Nei’s基因多样性指数对RAPD数据的分析表明：种群间的遗传分化系数为0．2206，22．06％的遗传变异存在于种群间，用NJ法和UPGMA法对这三个种群的Nei’s遗传距离作聚类分析，结果显示：原平种群和繁峙种群遗传分化较小，太原种群与它们的遗传分化较大，由Nei’s遗传一致度和遗传距离可以看出，繁峙种群和原平种群的遗传距离最小为0．0852，它们与太原种群的遗传距离较远，结果表明短额负蝗不同种群的遗传分化程度与遗传距离和地理距离呈正相关。