Oxazoline chemistry. Part 12: A metal-mediated synthesis of DMU-212; X-ray diffraction studies of an important anti-cancer agent

An improved synthesis of the anti-cancer agent DMU-212 (trans-3,4,5,4′-tetramethoxystilbene) is described. The methodology involves the use of a Pd-oxazoline catalyst as a mediator of a regio-selective (Heck) C-C bond formation reaction. A simple isolation step is then used to obtain the title material. The compound has been further characterised in the solid-state by X-ray diffraction methods.     

化疗性静脉炎小鼠模型的建立

目的通过静脉注射氟尿嘧啶建立稳定有效的化疗性静脉炎小鼠模型。方法 42只昆明小鼠按照给药浓度随机分为7.5 mg/mL、10.0 mg/mL、12.5 mg/mL,15.0 mg/mL、17.5 mg/mL和22.5 mg/mL共6个实验组和1个对照组。实验组小鼠分别从左侧鼠尾静脉注射0.4 mL不同浓度的氟尿嘧啶溶液,对照组注射0.4mL的生理盐水。给药后第3 d对化疗性静脉炎表现进行分级评价后处死。制作石蜡切片并进行镜下分级。结果随注射氟尿嘧啶剂量的增加,小鼠静脉炎发生率也逐渐增高,350 mg/kg(17.5 mg/mL组)以上剂量组动物出现中毒死亡。300 mg/kg(15.0 mg/mL)剂量组化疗性静脉炎发生率达100%,无动物死亡,出现典型的静脉炎症状,对照组未出现类似变化。结论通过小鼠尾静脉注射300 mg/kg～350 mg/kg剂量范围的氟尿嘧啶可成功建立稳定有效的化疗性静脉炎小鼠模型。     

Chemotherapy control by breath profile with application of SPME‐GC/MS method

Chemotherapy used as a treatment against lung cancer has influence on metabolic processes occurring in healthy cells. The changes of biochemical pathways proceeded inside cells might be observed in expired air. In the experiment, breath analysis was carried out before and after anticancer therapy. Expired air samples were collected from 22 patients with a biopsy confirmed lung cancer. Volatile organic compounds present in breath were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For enrichment of analytes solid‐phase microextraction technique was applied. Eight fibers covered by different sorbents were tested. Carboxen‐polydimethylsiloxane fiber revealed the highest extraction efficiency in relation to analytes in breath. The data showed that cytostatic drugs increase the concentration of acetone and isoprene in the breath collected after chemotherapy. Volatile metabolites of administrated drugs were not identified in expired air.     

LHRH/TAT dual peptides-conjugated polymeric vesicles for PTT enhanced chemotherapy to overcome hepatocellular carcinoma

Combination therapy such as photothermal therapy (PTT) enhanced chemotherapy is regarded as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, we developed redox-responsive polymeric vesicles based on the amphiphilic triblock copolymer PCL-ss-PEG-ss-PCL. To avoid the limited therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs caused by systemic exposures and drug resistance, the redox-sensitive polymeric vesicles were cargoed with two chemotherapeutics: doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX). Besides, indocyanine green (ICG) was encapsulated, and cell-penetrating peptides and LHRH targeting molecule were modified on the surface of polymeric vesicles. The results indicated that the polymeric vesicles can load different kinds of drugs with high drug loading content, trigger drug release in responsive to the reductive environment, realize high cellular uptake via dual peptides and laser irradiation, and achieve higher cytotoxicity via chemo-photothermal combination therapy. Hence, the redox-responsive LHRH/TAT dual peptides-conjugated PTX/DOX/ICG co-loaded polymeric micelles exhibited great potential in tumor-targeting and chemo-photothermal therapy.     

低渗温热腹腔灌注化疗治疗恶性腹腔积液的临床研究

目的 评价低渗温热腹腔灌注化疗治疗恶性腹腔积液的疗效及不良反应。方法 行腹腔穿刺置单腔中心静脉导管,外接引流袋,记录腹水引流量,当日排放腹水1 500ml 后,予加热至43~45℃注射用双蒸馏水1 000ml 行腹腔灌注,次日重复放液1 500ml,再予加热至43~45℃注射用双蒸馏水1 000ml 行腹腔灌注,并于灌注后腹腔注入顺铂60mg、氟尿嘧啶500mg 并封管,治疗期间常规给予简单水化、对症止吐等治疗。结果 31 例恶性腹腔积液患者共完成低渗温热腹腔灌注化疗42 周期,完全缓解7例,部分缓解15,稳定5 例,进展4 例,完全缓解+ 部分缓解占70.97%。中位进展时间（TTP）3.6个月（2～9 个月）, 中位生存期（MST）5.6 个月。毒副反应以消化道反应为主。结论 低渗温热腹腔灌注化疗治疗恶性腹腔积,在延长患者的生存期、提高生活质量方面效果较好,临床上可推荐应用。     

Application of Non‐Stop‐Flow Differential Pulse Voltammetry at a Tubular Detector of Silver Solid Amalgam for Electrochemical Determination of Lomustine (CCNU)

An application of the flow differential pulse voltammetry with tubular detector based on silver solid amalgam for determination of antineoplastic drug lomustine in pharmaceutical preparations is presented. The highest sensitivity was obtained in [0.10 mol dm^?3 MES; 2.00 mol dm^?3 NaCl; pH 6.0]:EtOH (9 : 1) with flow rate 0.50 mL min^?1, and the magnitude of the modulation amplitude ?0.070 V. The calibration dependence was linear in the range 1×10^?6–1 × 10^?4 mol dm^?3 (R²=0.999). The limit of detection was 1.5×10^?7 mol dm^?3. This method was successfully used for determination of lomustine in real samples of chemotherapy drug CeeNU Lomustine 40 mg.     

LHRH/TAT dual peptides-conjugated polymeric vesicles for PTT enhanced chemotherapy to overcome hepatocellular carcinoma

Combination therapy such as photothermal therapy (PTT) enhanced chemotherapy is regarded as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, we developed redox-responsive polymeric vesicles based on the amphiphilic triblock copolymer PCL-ss-PEG-ss-PCL. To avoid the limited therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs caused by systemic exposures and drug resistance, the redox-sensitive polymeric vesicles were cargoed with two chemotherapeutics: doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX). Besides, indocyanine green (ICG) was encapsulated, and cell-penetrating peptides and LHRH targeting molecule were modified on the surface of polymeric vesicles. The results indicated that the polymeric vesicles can load different kinds of drugs with high drug loading content, trigger drug release in responsive to the reductive environment, realize high cellular uptake via dual peptides and laser irradiation, and achieve higher cytotoxicity via chemo-photothermal combination therapy. Hence, the redox-responsive LHRH/TAT dual peptides-conjugated PTX/DOX/ICG co-loaded polymeric micelles exhibited great potential in tumor-targeting and chemo-photothermal therapy.     

不保留式留置针在宫颈癌化疗中对血管保护的对比研究

目的：通过应用不保留式留置针,观察其对宫颈癌患者化疗时血管的保护作用。方法：选取宫颈癌初次化疗患者60例,随机分为对照组和实验组各30例。结果：实验组患者静脉炎发生率和液体外渗情况均低于对照组。结论：不保留式留置针可以对化疗中得血管起到很好的保护作用,应在临床上推广使用。     

老年恶性肿瘤病人化疗中的静脉保护289例

总结289例老年恶性肿瘤病人化疗中的静脉保护，化疗前的准备工作对静脉保护极为重要．同时，掌握好给药顺序，选择好静脉，加强巡视，及时排除输液中的故障，严格无菌操作，对化疗中的静脉炎及药物外漏起到了预防作用．并对3例静脉炎及5例药物外漏给予相应的对症处理，无局部组织溃疡、坏死等并发症，从而顺利完成了老年恶性肿瘤病人的全程静脉化疗，延长了病人的生存期，提高了治愈率．