现代农业科技服务体系建设的国际经验与启示

发展现代农业的关键是加强农业科学研究和创新农业科技服务体系,加速科技成果转化.尽管世界各国、各地区会因为在法律制度、产权制度等方面存在差异而导致很难在利益和制度层面上利用别国经验,但在形式和技术层面,却可以加以吸收借鉴.为此,本文通过梳理和研究美国、韩国、加拿大、丹麦、日本等国家在农业科技服务体系建设方面积累的丰富经验,发现这些国家的政府在其中扮演主体角色,十分重视农民组织的作用,注重对农业科技服务人员的选拔和培养,并且拥有完善的农业科技服务体系和法律法规.在此基础上,提出了国外现代农业科技服务体系建设对我国的启示.     

Comparative study on degradation of ethylene-propylene rubber for nuclear cables from gamma and beta irradiation

Considering safety is the priority concern of nuclear power plants, equipment qualification testing of the nuclear components manufactured should be paid special attention to. Thereinto, equivalent conversion (1:1) from the absorbed beta doses to gamma doses is a rule of thumb for irradiation qualification testing of the polymers used as nuclear cables, however whether it is reasonable and applicable to Chinese domestic polymers still requires investigation. In this paper, both gamma and beta irradiation testing with the actual dose rates and total absorbed doses in China Advanced Passive (CAP) series nuclear power plant was performed upon one domestically manufactured ethylene-propylene rubber intended for nuclear cable insulation in China. The mechanical and the electrical properties before and after irradiation were measured to compare the extent and the trend of degradation between the two irradiation types, and related oxidation degradation mechanism especially its attenuation along the thickness was quantitatively addressed.     

横向干货补给承载索张力的抛物线计算法

承载索张力的正确计算是进行横向干货补给系统设计的基础. 本文从悬链线标准线型出发,在抛物线曲线方程基础上,推导了横向干货补给承载索在无载荷和有载荷时的最大张力及索长计算公式,并给出了工程应用实例.     

Study on the role of rivulet in rain–wind-induced cable vibration through wind tunnel testing

Rain–wind-induced vibration (RWIV) of stay cables has become a concern in bridge engineering over the past decades. The excitation mechanism of RWIV remains unclear. Many researchers believe that the upper rivulet is crucial to RWIV. However, experimental study on rivulet is challenging and limited. The current study designs and tests a cable model of 160 mm in diameter in an open jet wind tunnel. The upper rivulet movement and cable vibration are simultaneously measured. The importance of the upper rivulet in RWIV is directly demonstrated by alternately controlling the upper and lower rivulets. The characteristics of the upper rivulet movement and the effects of this movement on RWIV are investigated in detail. The experiment shows that the rivulet–cable system is coupled, which causes the cable and upper rivulet to vibrate at different amplitudes under the same wind speed. The upper rivulet harmonic movement changes the wind loading on the cable, causing the harmonic vibration of the cable, which in turn exerts a harmonic inertia force on the rivulet. A large vibration of the coupled system then develops.     

A new first-principles approach for the catenary

This paper reports on findings relating to catenaries since the publication in Expositiones Mathematicae of Denzler and Hinz’s pioneering 1999 paper, Catenaria Vera – the True Catenary. New governing differential equations and explicit solutions are derived for the catenary in positive and negative radial potentials with physical constants incorporated in the derivations. In keeping with precedent by Denzler and Hinz, a measure of historical perspective is offered as homage to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christiaan Huygens and Johann Bernoulli, the original first-solvers of the catenary.     

比较视野中的近代中国民间社团立法

近代中国的社团立法对民间社团产生了重要影响,且经历了复杂的变迁。通过比较《结社集会律》、《治安警察法》和《人民团体组织方案》的内容,对近代中国民间社团立法进行解读,从立法学的角度分析其局限性,对现代中国的社团政策、法规的制订有一定的参考意义。     

索网结构几何非线性分析的增量理论

采用修正的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ坐标的描述法，使用直杆单元分析了索网结构在荷载下的几何非线性，计算结果表明，该方法计算量少，能够使用于复杂索网结构的大跨分析，对于短索单元具有足够的计算精度。     

Fluid Flow-Induced Nonlinear Vibration of Suspended Cables

The nonlinear interaction of the first two in-plane modes of a suspended cable with a moving fluid along the plane of the cable is studied. The governing equations of motion for two-mode interaction are derived on the basis of a general continuum model. The interaction causes the modal differential equations of the cable to be non-self-adjoint. As the flow speed increases above a certain critical value, the cable experiences oscillatory motion similar to the flutter of aeroelastic structures. A co-ordinate transformation in terms of the transverse and stretching motions of the cable is introduced to reduce the two nonlinearly coupled differential equations into a linear ordinary differential equation governing the stretching motion, and a strongly nonlinear differential equation for the transverse motion. For small values of the gravity-to-stiffness ratio the dynamics of the cable is examined using a two-time-scale approach. Numerical integration of the modal equations shows that the cable experiences stretching oscillations only when the flow speed exceeds a certain level. Above this level both stretching and transverse motions take place. The influences of system parameters such as gravity-to-stiffness ratio and density ratio on the response characteristics are also reported.     

Analysis of one-to-one autoparametric resonances in cables—Discretization vs. direct treatment

We discuss solution methods for nonlinear vibrations of cables having small initial sag-to-span ratios. One-to-one internal resonances between the in-plane and out-of-plane modes as well as primary resonances of the in-plane mode are considered. Approximate solutions are obtained by two different approaches. In the first approach, the method of multiple scales is applied directly to the governing partial-differential equations and boundary conditions. In the second approach, the equations are first discretized, and then the method of multiple scales is applied to the resulting ordinary-differential equations. It is shown that treatment of the discretized system is inaccurate compared to direct treatment of the partial-differential system. Discrepancies between the two solutions appear even at the first level of approximation. Stability analyses of the amplitude and phase modulation equations for both methods are also performed.