孤立子内波存在下的声传播仿真研究

孤立子内波会对声传播产生巨大的影响,基于有限元方法利用COMSOL软件对孤立子内波影响下的声学问题进行求解,仿真研究.首先建立了孤立子内波模型,通过仿真分析了孤立子内波对声场的影响.结果显示,孤立子内波会影响声线的传播轨迹和传播损失,可使声场能量分布更均匀.孤立子内波还会对声矢量场产生影响,使水平质点振速传播损失减小,使垂向质点振速略微增加.     

基于正态分布概率模型的渗滤液回灌影响分析

渗滤液回灌能有效加速填埋场的稳定并处理多余的渗滤液, 而预测回灌过程中渗滤液的运移规律对于合理设置回灌井的间距和数量具有重要的意义. 考虑了垃圾体的非均质性, 建立了垃圾体的渗透系数随空间正态分布变化的概率模型. 利用 COMSOL Multiphysics^® 软件, 首先对单孔隙度的横纵向均质模型和正态分布模型的 渗透系数以及压力水头进行了比较, 其次研究了在横纵向渗透系数比值、回灌速率和回灌时间等不同 影响因素下, 均质模型和正态分布模型的含水率以及横向影响范围的变化规律. 结果表明, 随着横纵向渗透系数比值的增加, 最终在 100 d 时: 均质模型的含水率由 0.609 增加到 0.68, 横向影响范围从4.842 m 增加到 6.79 m; 正态分布模型的含水率由 0.573 增加到 0.610, 横向影响范围从4.097 m 变为 4.04 m. 这说明横纵向渗透系数比值对正态分布模型的含水 率和渗滤液横向影响范围的影响明显高于均质模型. 而当回灌速率和回灌时间相同时, 正态分布模型渗滤液的渗流速度更快, 易于优先达到饱和含水率, 并在短暂的峰值后迅速下降, 且随着回灌速率和回灌时间的增加, 达到饱和含水率和峰值的时间也逐渐增加.     

A computational simulation study on the acoustic pressure generated by a dental endosonic file: Effects of intensity,file shape and volume

One of the uses of ultrasound in dentistry is in the field of endodontics (i.e. root canal treatment) in order to enhance cleaning efficiency during the treatment. The acoustic pressures generated by the oscillation of files in narrow channels has been calculated using the COMSOL simulation package. Acoustic pressures in excess of the cavitation threshold can be generated and higher values were found in narrower channels. This parallels experimental observations of sonochemiluminescence. The effect of varying the channel width and length and the dimensions and shape of the file are reported. As well as explaining experimental observations, the work provides a basis for the further development and optimisation of the design of endosonic files.     

Predicting ion concentration polarization and analyte stacking/focusing at nanofluidic interfaces

We report on the investigation of electropreconcentration phenomena in micro-/nanofluidic devices integrating 100 μm long nanochannels using 2D COMSOL simulations based on the coupled Poisson–Nernst–Planck and Navier–Stokes system of equations. Our numerical model is used to demonstrate the influence of key governing parameters such as electrolyte concentration, surface charge density, and applied axial electric field on ion concentration polarization (ICP) dynamics in our system. Under sufficiently extreme surface-charge-governed transport conditions, ICP propagation is shown to enable various transient and stationary stacking and counter-flow gradient focusing mechanisms of anionic analytes. We resolve these spatiotemporal dynamics of analytes and electrolyte ICP over disparate time and length scales, and confirm previous findings that the greatest enhancement is observed when a system is tuned for analyte focusing at the charge, excluding microchannel, nanochannel electrical double layer (EDL) interface. Moreover, we demonstrate that such tuning can readily be achieved by including additional nanochannels oriented parallel to the electric field between two microchannels, effectively increasing the overall perm-selectivity and leading to enhanced focusing at the EDL interfaces. This approach shows promise in providing added control over the extent of ICP in electrokinetic systems, particularly under circumstances in which relatively weak ICP effects are observed using only a single channel.     

Ultrasound velocimetry of ferrofluid spin-up flow measurements using a spherical coil assembly to impose a uniform rotating magnetic field

Ferrofluid spin-up flow is studied within a sphere subjected to a uniform rotating magnetic field from two surrounding spherical coils carrying sinusoidally varying currents at right angles and 90° phase difference. Ultrasound velocimetry measurements in a full sphere of ferrofluid shows no measureable flow. There is significant bulk flow in a partially filled sphere (1-14 mm/s) of ferrofluid or a finite height cylinder of ferrofluid with no cover (1-4 mm/s) placed in the spherical coil apparatus. The flow is due to free surface effects and the non-uniform magnetic field associated with the shape demagnetizing effects. Flow is also observed in the fully filled ferrofluid sphere (1-20 mm/s) when the field is made non-uniform by adding a permanent magnet or a DC or AC excited small solenoidal coil. This confirms that a non-uniform magnetic field or a non-uniform distribution of magnetization due to a non-uniform magnetic field are causes of spin-up flow in ferrofluids with no free surface, while tangential magnetic surface stress contributes to flow in the presence of a free surface.Recent work has fitted velocity flow measurements of ferrofluid filled finite height cylinders with no free surface, subjected to uniform rotating magnetic fields, neglecting the container shape effects which cause non-uniform demagnetizing fields, and resulting in much larger non-physical effective values of spin viscosity η′∼10⁻⁸−10⁻¹² N s than those obtained from theoretical spin diffusion analysis where η′≤10⁻¹⁸ N s. COMSOL Multiphysics finite element computer simulations of spherical geometry in a uniform rotating magnetic field using non-physically large experimental fit values of spin viscosity η′∼10⁻⁸−10⁻¹² N s with a zero spin-velocity boundary condition at the outer wall predicts measureable flow, while simulations setting spin viscosity to zero (η′=0) results in negligible flow, in agreement with the ultrasound velocimetry measurements. COMSOL simulations also confirm that a non-uniform rotating magnetic field or a uniform rotating magnetic field with a non-uniform distribution of magnetization due to an external magnet or a current carrying coil can drive a measureable flow in an infinitely long ferrofluid cylinder with zero spin viscosity (η′=0).     

三维电阻抗成像的测量模式

电阻抗成像技术（EIT）是一种非侵入的成像技术,通过测量介质的边界参数,从而获得介质的分布状态．为研究EIT的测量模式对其数据测量和图像重建的影响,借助仿真软件COMSOL建立了具有双层电极结构的EIT系统．设计和采用了4种典型的激励模式和2种测量模式,并通过评价指标进行比较．结果显示,在理想条件下,几种模式的组合表现均可．考虑到既易于测量且成像质量高,推荐双层24电极EIT系统使用同层准对向驱动模式．     

热力耦合作用下煤样瓦斯渗透特性数值模拟

针对含瓦斯煤渗透率在热力耦合作用下的演变规律,利用多物理场耦合控制方程建立相应的数值模型,对实验工况进行数值求解.将实验及数值模拟结果进行对比分析得出如下结论:1综合不同瓦斯压力情况下的轴压、围压对渗透率影响,模拟结果中渗透率普遍高于实验数据;2模拟计算得到的围压与渗透率之间呈指数关系,与实验结果的吻合度较高;3利用COMSOL Multiphysics数值模拟研究热力耦合情况下含瓦斯煤渗透率的影响规律,轴压处于高应力场下的模拟吻合度高于低应力场,采用单孔瓦斯渗流模型对高应力场的计算吻合度更好。     

Investigation of design parameters in ultrasound reactors with confined channels

This paper presents a three-dimensional numercial simulation of sonochemical degradation upon cavitational activity. The model relates the simulation of the acoustic pressure distribution to the sonochemical reaction rate. As a case study, the thermal degradation of carbon tetrachloride during sonication is studied in a tubular milliscale reactor. The model is used to optimize the reactor diameter, ultrasound frequency and power dissipated to the ultrasound transducers. The results indicate that multiple transducers at a moderate power level are more efficient than one transducer with high power level. Furthermore, the average cavity volume fraction is proposed as a reaction independent parameter to estimate the optimal reactor design. Within the results obtained in this paper, it appears possible to optimise reactor design based on this parameter.     

Numerical investigation of the current transition regimes in nanochannels

The concentration polarization phenomena and its effects represent one of the main challenges for the optimal operation of many nanofluidic systems. A numerical investigation of the different electric current transition regimes observed during the concentration polarization phenomena in nanochannels is performed. This included a 2D‐axisymmetric simulation of the nanofluidic system (reservoir‐nanochannel‐reservoir). From these simulations, a novel mechanism is discovered that explains that different current transition regimes. This driving mechanism involves the applied electric field penetration while the convective flow mechanism is found to be negligible. This differs with the classical statement that the mixing process with less depleted areas initiated by an electrokinetic vortex instability starts the overlimiting regime. Additionally, the numerical approach allows us to identify new characteristics of the linear‐limiting transition such as source‐like and saddle‐like points of the electric field streamlines. The three voltage–current regimes (linear, limiting and overlimiting) are explained by observing and quantifying changes in electric field, potential, ion concentration and ion concentration gradients within the system.     

微粒受介电泳效应的动力学建模和仿真

Velocity-Verlet或ODE算法分析微粒的运动特征，涉及的偏微分方程存在求解困难、运算量大和使用效率低的难点.采用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a有限元软件，通过AC/DC模块中的边界条件设定可快速求解Laplace方程，为介电泳力的求解提供先决条件.后期根据软件提供的粒子追踪模块，将介电泳力、斯托克斯拖曳力、排斥力和浮力内联进粒子追踪模块的应力参数表中，设定固定的时间步长和范围对介电泳芯片的粒子受力运动问题进行了仿真.结果表明，该方法可以有效模拟微粒受介电泳效应的运动行为，并且与Velocity-Verlet或ODE算法模拟结果相似，能有效降低计算程序的繁琐程度，提高动态模拟的人机可视化效果.