改性油页岩渣-粉煤灰二元复掺的水化特征

中国油页岩储量大,化学成分中硅铝含量虽然极高但火山灰活性却很低,作为掺合料替代水泥掺量局限于20%以下。为提高油页岩渣活性和掺量,以600℃煅烧2 h为活化基础,辅以高钙粉煤灰提供水硬性,复合掺量设置为30%,结合X射线衍射(X-rays diffraction, XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)、能谱仪(energy dispersive spectrometer, EDS)与傅里叶红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FTIR)的检测手段,探究复掺体系水化过程中水化产物的种类、形貌以及硅铝比。结果表明,改性油页岩渣活性源于脱油、脱水、脱羟基增大比表面积以及破坏油页岩渣中高岭土晶体从而产生的无定形铝硅酸盐物质;7 d活性指数达到97.4%,28 d活性指数达到85.8%;水化过程中改性油页岩渣先参与二次水化反应,Ca(OH)₂充足的前提下粉煤灰接着发生三次水化反应,若Ca(OH)₂不充足,粉煤灰以内核的角色参与二次水化反应;...     

Structural characterization of C-S-H and C-A-S-H samples—Part II: Local environment investigated by spectroscopic analyses

Spectroscopic studies (¹H, ²³Na and ²⁷Al MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopy) have been used to characterize three series of C-S-H samples (0.8<Ca/Si<1.7): one C-S-H series, one aluminum inserted C-S-H series (named C-A-S-H series), and one sodium and aluminum inserted C-S-H series (named C-N-A-S-H series). Previous Rietveld analyses have been performed on the two first series and have clearly shown that (1) a unique ‘tobermorite M defect’ structural model allows to describe the C-S-H structure whatever the Ca/Si ratio and (2) the insertion of aluminum into the C-S-H structure led to the degradation of the crystallinity and to a systematic increase of the basal spacing of about 2 Å regardless the Ca/(Si+Al) ratio (at a constant Al/Si ratio of 0.1). Spectroscopic investigations indicate that the main part of the Al atoms is readily incorporated into the interlayer region of the C-S-H structure. Al atoms are mainly inserted as four-fold coordinated aluminates in the dreierketten silicate chain (either in bridging or paired tetrahedra) at low Ca/Si ratio. Four-fold aluminates are progressively replaced by six-fold coordinated aluminates located into the interlayer region of the C-S-H structure and bonded to silicate chains. Investigation of the hydrogen bonding in C-S-H indicates that the main part of the hydrogen bonds is intra-main layer, and thus explains the low stacking cohesion of the C-S-H structure leading to its nanometric crystal size and the OD character of the tobermorite like structures.