丁草胺对水稻根系活力和C/N的影响

对移栽期秧苗施用不同剂量的丁草胺，测定处理后不同时期秧苗根系还原强度，叶片的C／N。结果表明：施药后，前期（14d)秧苗根系还原强度比对照低，而后期（21d)比对照高，整个试验阶段的叶片C／N下降， 说明丁草胺对水稻的生理代谢有影响，所以对有害生物的防治应采用综合防治措施。     

水稻中丁草胺残留量的气相色谱分析

本文介绍了丁草胺在水稻中(包括糙米、谷糠和稻草)残留量的分析方法。样品中残留的丁草胺可分别用纯石油醚或丙酮/石油醚混合溶剂提取,经柱色谱预净化,由GC-ECD检测定量。糙米、谷糠和稻草样丁草胺的最低检测浓度分别为3 ppb、6 ppb和6 ppb。丁草胺在0.31 ppm、0.62ppm及1.24ppm标准液添加浓度下,糙米中回收率(X±Sx%)分别为89.5±1.8%、90.3±4.2%和92.4±2.1%,谷糠中回收率分别为80.8±1.9%、81.2±3.4%和87.4±6.1%;稻草样回收率分别为85.0±4.2%、84.3±4.5%和90.4±6.8%。     

Rapid determination of amide herbicides in environmental water samples with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

This paper describes a novel, simple and environmentally friendly method for rapid determination of the amide herbicides metoalchlor, acetochlor, and butachlor. It is based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Factors that may influence the enrichment efficiency, such as type and volume of extraction solvent, type and volume of dispersive solvent, extraction time, and content of NaCl, were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection of metoalchlor, acetochlor, and butachlor were 0.02, 0.04, and 0.003 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The experimental results indicated that there was linearity over the range 0.1–50 μg L⁻¹ and good reproducibility with relative standard deviations over the range 1.6–3.0% (n = 5). The proposed method has been applied for the analysis of real-world water samples, and satisfactory results were achieved. Average recoveries of spiked herbicides were in the range 80.3–108.8%. All of these indicated that the developed method would be an efficient method for simultaneous determination of the three herbicides in environmental water samples.     

丁草胺对小白鼠空间记忆能力的影响

以除草剂丁草胺溶液为染毒药物,以小鼠为实验对象,利用Morris水迷宫系统研究了丁草胺对小鼠的急性致死效应和空间记忆能力的影响．实验结果表明：丁草胺对小鼠的LD。为22．74mg／kg（95％的置信区间为15．17～34．52mg／kg）．除个别低剂量处理组外,大部分的丁草胺处理组的平均潜伏逃避时间、平均游泳距离都明显长于空白对照组,而且均达到了差异显著水平（P〈O．05）或差异极显著水平（P〈O．01或P〈O．001）．实验还发现不同的入水次序和入水象限对小鼠的空间记忆能力有较大的影响．在第1象限（目标象限）入水和第4入水次序时,小鼠的平均逃避潜伏时间和平均游泳距离均较短．     

Efficient sample preparation method based on solvent‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction for the trace detection of butachlor in urine and waste water samples

In this work, an efficient sample preparation method termed solvent‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction was applied. The used sample preparation method was based on the dispersion of the sorbent (benzophenone) into the aqueous sample to maximize the interaction surface. In this approach, the dispersion of the sorbent at a very low milligram level was achieved by inserting a solution of the sorbent and disperser solvent into the aqueous sample. The cloudy solution created from the dispersion of the sorbent in the bulk aqueous sample. After pre‐concentration of the butachlor, the cloudy solution was centrifuged and butachlor in the sediment phase dissolved in ethanol and determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Under the optimized conditions (solution pH = 7.0, sorbent: benzophenone, 2%, disperser solvent: ethanol, 500 μL, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 3 min), the method detection limit for butachlor was 2, 3 and 3 μg/L for distilled water, waste water, and urine sample, respectively. Furthermore, the preconcentration factor was 198.8, 175.0, and 174.2 in distilled water, waste water, and urine sample, respectively. Solvent‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction was successfully used for the trace monitoring of butachlor in urine and waste water samples.     

水稻对丁草胺和乙草胺抗性的比较研究

水稻对丁草胺和乙草胺的抗性存在着明显的差异,在芽期和苗期,0．18μmol/L的乙草胺对水稻生长的抑制作用与8．80μmol/L丁草胺的抑制作用相似,乙草胺对水稻种子萌发的GA3诱导的α－淀粉酶活性的抑制作用明显比丁草胺强,丁草胺可以显著诱导抗除草剂的GST(中胱苷肽硫转移酶）的活性,而乙草胺无明显诱导作用,因此水稻对乙草胺的抗性较差。