Diseño automático de tableros óptimos de puentes de carretera de vigas artesa prefabricadas mediante algoritmos meméticos híbridos

This paper deals with the minimum cost automatic design of precast bridge decks made of U-beams and an upper slab. It uses a hybrid memetic algorithm that combines the population search of solutions by genetic algorithms and a search by variable neighborhood. This algorithm is applied to a bridge made of two isostatic U-beams of 20-40 m of span and a width of 12 m. This example has 40 discrete variables. The evaluation module takes into account the service and ultimate limit states usually considered for these structures, i.e. flexure, shear, torsion, cracking, deflections, etc. The use of the memetic algorithm requires its previous calibration. Each of the heuristics is run 12 times, obtaining information about the minimum and average values, as well as the scatter. The parametric study showed a good correlation for the cost, the number of strands and the steel and concrete quantities with the span length. Savings have been found between 8 and 50% compared to other structures really executed. The presented procedure allows the practical application to the real design and its adaptation to the precast process.     

提高区间运算的循环处理精度

循环语句大量应用于程序开发中,但是在静态分析领域,对循环语句的处理还很不完善,存在着不终止和迭代不收敛等一系列问题。传统的循环处理策略所涉及的程序语义信息有限,无法应用于静态分析缺陷检测中。该文提出一种基于符号运算和抽象解释理论中Widening/Narrowing算子的循环处理方法,并将其应用于区间运算之中,以提高检测精度。所述方法已在缺陷检测系统(DTSGCC)中实现,对大量Linux中GCC开源工程的测试结果表明:该方法可以提高区间运算中循环处理的精度,减少潜在的误报。     

光纤传感器测量FRP加固结构的损伤

A distributed fiber optic sensor is developed for condition monitoring of civil infrastructure sys-tems. The fiber optic sensor is especially useful in applications involving structures strengthened by fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The sensor principles are simple and therefore, practical for detec-tion of cracks, debonding and deformation measurements. Structural monitoring capability of the sensor     

Hurst exponent footprints from activities on a large structural system

This paper presents Hurst exponent footprints from pseudo-dynamic measurements of significantly varied activities on a damaged bridge structure during rehabilitation through continuous monitoring. The system is interesting due to associated uncertainty in large-scale structures and significant presence of human intervention arising from fundamentally different processes. Investigations into the variation of computed Hurst exponents on time series of limited lengths are carried out in this regard. The Hurst exponents are compared with respect to specific events during the rehabilitation, as well as with the data collection locations. The variations of local Hurst exponents about the values computed for each activity are presented. The scaling of Hurst exponents for different activities is also investigated; these are representative of the extent of multifractality for each event. The extent of multifractality is assessed along with its source and time dependency.     

拥堵车辆怠速作用对城市桥梁的动力影响分析

在考虑车辆拥堵怠速状态下,绝大多数车辆发动机怠速抖动的频率在600~800 r/min,此时发动机的振动频率处于瑞士的EMPA实验室得到的桥梁的基频(f=1.23~14.0 Hz)范围内,将可能引起桥梁结构与车辆发生共振。并且实桥分析结果也表明,拥堵怠速车辆与桥梁结构确实存在发生共振的可能性,因此对车辆拥堵怠速状态下进行桥梁结构的动力分析具有重要的应用价值。     

不中断交通下连续箱梁桥拼接缝浇筑方式分析

为了探究不中断交通条件下连续箱梁桥拼宽关键技术,本文依托机荷高速改扩建工程,通过现场桥梁的车桥耦合振动测试,得到某连续箱梁桥的最大振动频率为5.62 Hz,最大振动速度为18 mm?s-1。考虑现场车流量的随机性,以安全的原则共设置两种车辆振动环境（5 Hz,25 mm?s-1和10 Hz,50 mm?s-1）,并在实验室中测定了不同龄期抗扰动纤维增强混凝土（Fiber Reinforced Cementitious-composite material 50,FRCM50）的弹性模量和抗拉强度。结合现有的施工工艺和新型接缝材料的特点,提出微差浇筑施工工艺。然后,分别分析了采用一次浇筑、分段浇筑和微差浇筑施工工艺时拼宽连续箱梁的受力特点、接缝时变应力、交通组织模式以及经济性,结果表明微差浇筑工艺具有受力合理、施工机械少、经济性好等优点,可指导实际工程施工,具有良好的应用性。     

使用碳纤维板加固的RC梁桥服役过程可靠度指标分析

基于大气环境下混凝土强度的衰减模型和钢筋的锈蚀模型,考虑材料性能、几何参数和计算模式的不定性,建立了服役RC桥梁加固前和加固后的抗力时变模型。并结合一座实桥运用JC验算点法,计算出了服役50年的桥梁在加固前和加固后的可靠度指标,加固前可靠度指标降为3.576 4,通过碳纤维板加固后可靠度指标提升至4.611,满足了规范对可靠度指标的要求,且在今后50年服役中都能满足可靠度要求。算例分析表明该加固方案是可行的。最后对恒载的变异系数和活载的变异系数进行了分析,发现汽车活载对可靠度指标的影响最大,验证了交通量的变化是影响目前桥梁结构功能退化的主要原因这一结论。     

温度荷载下半整体无缝斜桥搭板的力学性能研究

为研究半整体无缝斜桥搭板在温度荷载下的受力性能,用ABAQUS软件建立了搭板的有限元模型,并依托浙江湖州贯边桥工程的实测数据校准该模型.通过改变斜交角、基层和搭板垫层类型,对半整体无缝斜桥搭板在极端温度荷载作用下的平面内受力性能进行了研究.结果表明:当斜交角在15°~60°间,半整体无缝斜桥搭板的最大应力均发生在近桥端的顶层钝角处,建议设计时该角部位置的钢筋配筋率应大于其它角部的配筋率;在温度荷载下,基层选用沥青碎石或水泥碎石对搭板的最大应力影响很小;选用砂土作为垫层时,能较大程度地减小搭板内的应力,在进行半整体无缝斜桥的设计时,宜选用砂土作为搭板的垫层.     

Metal Complexes Derived from Hydrazoneoxime Ligands: I. Synthesis,Characterization and Magnetochemical Studies of (Acylhydrazoneoxime) Copper(II) Complexes

Reactions of 2-hydroxyimino-1-methylpropylidene (acetyl-) and (benzoylhydrazine) with copper(II) chloride, nitrate and acetate were studied. Three types of copper(II) complexes of general formula [Cu(H₂L)Cl₂], [{Cu(HL)}₂][sdot]2NO₃[sdot]nH₂O and [{Cu(L)}₂], where H₂L, HL, and L refer, respectively, to the neutral, monoanionic and dianionic ONN tridentate acylhydrazoneoxime ligands, were isolated and characterized. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements for [Cu(H₂L)Cl₂] suggest Curie-Weiss behavior. Both [{Cu(HL)}₂][sdot]2NO₃[sdot]nH₂O and [{Cu(L)}₂] show strong antiferromagnetic exchange coupling with ? 2J values of 898-934 and 718-757 cm^?1, respectively, indication dimeric structures with oximate bridges.