Methods in carbon K-edge NEXAFS: Experiment and analysis

Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) is widely used to probe the chemistry and structure of surface layers. Moreover, using ultra-high brilliance polarised synchrotron light sources, it is possible to determine the molecular alignment of ultra-thin surface films. However, the quantitative analysis of NEXAFS data is complicated by many experimental factors and, historically, the essential methods of calibration, normalisation and artefact removal are presented in the literature in a somewhat fragmented manner, thus hindering their integrated implementation as well as their further development. This paper outlines a unified, systematic approach to the collection and quantitative analysis of NEXAFS data with a particular focus upon carbon K-edge spectra. As a consequence, we show that current methods neglect several important aspects of the data analysis process, which we address with a combination of novel and adapted techniques. We discuss multiple approaches in solving the issues commonly encountered in the analysis of NEXAFS data, revealing the inherent assumptions of each approach and providing guidelines for assessing their appropriateness in a broad range of experimental situations.     

简析《说文解字》中部分饮食文字的背景

本文选择了《说文解字》中与饮食有关的一部分字，把它们分为粮食、蔬菜、肉食、酒水4大类。根据字形与字义的关系，分析了当时社会的饮食文化背景，揭示了社会发展与文字发展的关系。     

斜拉桥抖振分析中计入背景分量的实用方法

在大跨桥梁的拌振分析中，通常采用的是Ｓｃａｎｌａｎ颤拌振分析方法，这一方法只考虑了共振响应、而忽略了背景响应，最近的研究表明背景分量在某些情况下可能占有较大比重，因此考虑背景响应具有一定的必要性，在对背景分量进行详细分析和大量计算的基础上，拟合出包括各种影响参数的适合于斜拉桥竖向抖振背景响应修正的计算公式，可以在斜拉桥竖向抖振计算中方便地计入背景响应。     

肖邦夜曲的永恒性

肖邦创造了永恒的夜曲。当肖邦所创作的音符由钢琴中流泻出来,他究竟属于“浪漫乐派”或是“国民乐派”的争辩已毫无意义。因为他是波兰的肖邦,也是世界的肖邦;他是浪漫时代的肖邦,也是我们心中永恒的肖邦。     

《阿Q正传》的艺术缺陷及原因

《阿Q正传》是一部享有国际声誉的作品，但从小说的艺术技巧方面对其进行审视，会发现它存在许多缺陷，具体表现在：第一，古文舜口生僻词的大量使用；第二，主人公阿Q没有统一的性格；第三，《阿Q正传》呈现的是一个灰冷绝望的世界，里面没有一个好人，也没有一个好的动机。造成这些缺陷的原因在于。它是鲁迅应邀创作的幽默小说，且在创作时，鲁迅正处于较差的精神状态中。     

Normal Coordinate Analysis of Pyridine-N-Oxide

We have been interested for some time in the study of the hydrogen bonded complexes in the far-infrared region with special attention to the adducts between phenol and pyridine-N-oxides (1). In such systems the intermolecular mode vσ was identified and some intramolecular vibrations related to the N-O group were observed to be remarkably shifted consequent on hydrogen bonding. In this context we wished to obtain a force field for the complex which could fit the observational results. Unfortunately for one of the constituents i. e. pyridine-N-oxide a force field, suitable for our purposes, was not available and therefore preliminarily we determined it. We report here the results of such analysis.     

Salient region detection using background priors

In this paper, we introduce a novel salient region detection algorithm by using background priors. Because of the fact that superpixel is perceptually more meaningful than pixel, and which can reduce the complexity of image processing, we use the superpixel algorithm to reprocess original images. In addition, we hold the point that the colors in the image boundary could mainly represent all background colors, hence we compute the color contrast between the intern colors and the boundary colors. Since the nearer the patches are close to center, the more they affect other patches, we propose a new distribution-based model. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.     

A combined approach of Kullback–Leibler divergence and background subtraction for moving object detection in thermal video

In this work, a robust method for moving object detection in thermal video frames has been proposed by including Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) based threshold and background subtraction (BGS) technique. A trimmed-mean based background model has been developed that is capable enough to reduce noise or dynamic component of the background. This work assumed that each pixel has normally distributed. The KLD has computed between background pixel and a current pixel with the help of Gaussian mixture model. The proposed threshold is useful enough to classify the state of each pixel. The post-processing step uses morphological tool for edge linking, and then the flood-fill algorithm has applied for hole-filling, and finally the silhouette of targeted object has generated. The proposed methods run faster and have validated over various real-time based problematic thermal video sequences. In the experimental results, the average value of F₁-score, area under the curve, the percentage of correct classification, Matthew’s correlation coefficient show higher values whereas total error and percentage of the wrong classification show minimum values. Moreover, the proposed-1 method achieved higher accuracy and execution speed with minimum false alarm rate that has been compared with proposed-2 as well as considered peer methods in the real-time thermal video.     

网络资源对翻译准确性的作用

在信息技术和通信技术相结合的现代社会，网络资源对翻译的准确性具有重要的作用。本文主要从两个方面：翻译材料背景知识的掌握，特殊语境词语新意义的确定，来阐述网络资源对翻译准确性的重要作用。     

Separable convolution template (SCT) background prediction accelerated by CUDA for infrared small target detection

This paper presents a novel background prediction method for infrared small target detection (ISTD). Using a separable convolution template (SCT) to accelerate the traditional background prediction by graphic processing unit (GPU), the new method provides a significant improvement in the prediction speed, which enables the prediction process in real time. And experimental results show its high efficiency and practical application over previous work. The mathematical approach proposed here could be extended to accelerate the applications referred to image convolutions not only to the infrared field.