TEQ-value determinations of animal feed; emphasis on the CALUX bioassay validation

Polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins are a large and diverse group of environmental pollutants. Their tendency to accumulate in the food chain and their toxicity make monitoring necessary. The reference analysis method is laborious and very expensive, therefore cheap and rapid bioassays have been developed. The chemical-activated luciferase bioassay (CALUX) bioassay uses a recombinant cell line, which responds to dioxins and dioxin-like molecules with Ah receptor (AhR)-dependent induction of firefly luciferase in a dose related response. The CALUX was tested for its use in the screening of feed. Aliquots of 20 g of enriched feed were extracted with a toluene:methanol mixture (20:4 v/v) and extracts were defatted on 33% H₂SO₄ silica columns and purified on carbon columns. Only the dioxin and furan fraction was analysed, the PCB fraction was discarded. The precision of the method is acceptable and in compliance with an R.S.D. <30% as suggested for cell-based bioassays in the Commission Directive 2002/70/EC of July 2002. The results evidence good agreement between TEQ-values obtained by either CALUX or GC–HRMS. The method is now routinely in use for a feed screening programme designed by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food chain. Approximately, 25 samples are analysed weekly. From the obtained results approximately 10% was confirmed by GC–HRMS. The false positive ratio is 1% and no false negatives were found, making the use of the CALUX technology advantageous.     

PBL教学模式在动物育种学课程教学中的应用——以甘肃农业大学为例

动物育种学课程是动物科学专业的专业基础课,具有知识结构复杂和实践性较强的特点,“以教师讲授为主”的传统授课模式不能满足畜牧业发展对高素质技能型人才的要求,亟需进行教学模式的改革提高该课程的教学质量和学生培养质量。采用PBL（Problem-based learning）教学模式对甘肃农业大学《动物育种学》课程进行了教学尝试,统计分析学生的实验成绩、平时成绩、期末成绩及综合成绩,问卷调查学生对PBL教学模式的满意度,评价PBL教学模式在动物育种学课程教学改革中的应用效果。采用PBL教学模式学生的实验成绩、平时成绩、期末成绩与综合成绩均显著高于传统教学模式,PBL教学模式80分以上学生居多,96.67%的学生对PBL教学模式持赞同态度。PBL教学模式效果优于传统教学模式,有助于激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生对动物育种学课程知识的掌握程度及综合应用水平。     

化学发光分析法测定动物蛋白粉等样品中的锰

基于Mn(Ⅱ) 邻菲罗啉对鲁米诺 KIO4化学发光体系的催化作用建立了测定Mn(Ⅱ)的分析方法。Mn(Ⅱ)质量浓度在2.0×10-6～5.0×10-5mg/mL范围与发光强度呈线性响应,回归方程为ICL=0.6+1.39×106ρ(mg/mL),检出限为2.0×10-6mg/mL。Cr3+、Fe2+、Co2+、Au3+等离子有干扰,使用EDTA、F-、8 羟基喹啉等为掩蔽剂可消除或降低干扰。将该法应用于生物化工产品丙酸钙、动物蛋白粉等中痕量锰的测定,加标回收率98%～102%,10次测定RSD为4 6%。将测定的结果与原子吸收法比较,相对偏差≤±3%。     

Rapid determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in feeds by capillary gas chromatography

A simple micro-method is described for determination of 15 organochlorine pesticide residues in mixed feeds. Clean-up of the petroleum ether extract is by basic alumina minicolumn chromatography and quantitative identification is by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Cyanopropyl-polysiloxane chemically bonded fused silica capillary columns have been used to perform high resolution analyses in short time as well as to overcome possible interferences by PCBs. Recovery, repeatability, and detection limits of the proposed procedure are checked and results are also reported for non random samples of 180 feeds collected in Italy.     

A study for quality evaluation of Taxilli Herba from different hosts based on fingerprint-activity relationship modeling and multivariate statistical analysis

In this study, a fingerprint-activity relationship modeling between chemical fingerprints and antirheumatic activity was established, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Taxilli Herba (TH) from different hosts. Characteristic fingerprints of 20 batches of TH samples were generated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS), and the similarity analysis was calculated based on thirteen common characteristic peaks by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Subsequently, nine efficacy markers were discovered by combining fingerprints and antirheumatic activity through grey correlation analysis (GCA) and bivariate correlation analysis (BCA). Meanwhile, the content of 5 constituents in 9 markers was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). The comprehensive quality of TH was assessed using multivariate statistical analysis, including principal components analysis (PCA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results showed that a high dose of TH extract could markedly ameliorate arthritis damage compared to other doses, with flavonoids playing an important role in the antirheumatic activity. The comprehensive quality of samples from Morus alba L. (SS) was superior to those from Liquidambar formosana Hance (FXS). The present study will demonstrate the markers associated with efficacy, and provide an applicable strategy for more comprehensive quality control and evaluation of TH.     

Performances and limitations of the HRMS method for dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs analysis in animal feedingstuffs: Part I: Results of an inter-laboratory study

The European strategy for dioxin monitoring of the food chain has defined high-resolution gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) method as the confirmatory method that can provide reliable and comparable results at sub-parts per trillion (ppt) level. This paper describes the first inter-laboratory study on dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs by HRGC/HRMS method in animal feedingstuffs. Two different statistical approaches (ISO 5725 and Cofino’s statistics) were used for the statistical evaluation. For this particular study, the performances of the HRGC/HRMS method seem to be congener-independent in repeatability and reproducibility conditions over a concentration range covering more than four orders of magnitude. Results clearly show the effect of precision loss below 0.1 ppt level per congener in repeatability conditions and below 0.2 ppt level per congener in reproducibility conditions. LODs reported by the laboratories give median values of 0.02 ng/kg for most of the toxic congeners. Relative standard deviation between the laboratories’ mean values using upper-bound approach for TEQ calculation is 6.2%, more than twice the maximum level set at 0.75 ng TEQ/kg of product.     

实验性糖尿病动物模型制备及指标测定评价

目的：综合实验性糖尿病的动物模型及指标测定的特征，以评价他们的优缺点。方法：对国内外文献进行归纳、分析及总结。结果：系统阐述该领域在国内外的研究现状，为今后的研究起到指导作用。结论：实验性糖尿病的动物模型及测定的指标很多，各有其特点。     

研究、教学和试验中的动物保护和使用--加拿大监督系统

20世纪 6 0年代 ,正当加拿大多家研究机构在研究、教学中越来越多地使用动物时 ,加拿大还没有一项关于在科学研究中人道地使用动物的国家机制。由兽医 ,技术员和动物保护者创办了一个国家组织———加拿大动物科学实验室协会。他们意识到 ,凡是保护动物或在动物身上执行其他程序的人都应该确保受过相应的教育。但是 ,只有得到这些人工作单位的认可和支持 ,变革才能得以生效。加拿大最大的赞助机构成立了一个特别工作小组 ,研究能最有效地监督加拿大研究、教学和实验中使用动物的机制。这个小组提议 ,最能确保人道地保护使用动物的机制就是在…     

动物实验管理委员会的职责

介绍了美国、英国、法国、日本、德国、澳大利亚等国家有关实验动物的法律法规,介绍了各国各级动物实验管理委员会的组成、职责和管理.呼吁我国应尽快地健全法制化管理,加强基层动物实验管理委员会的建设和明确其职责.     

新型实验动物垫料--蒲草垫料的开发

小型啮齿类实验动物饲养、繁殖等使用的垫料 ,多以木质垫料为主 ,这需要消耗大量木材 ,于保护自然环境非常不利。研究表明 ,许多种木材因含有对动物有害的物质而不适宜做垫料。因此 ,研究开发新型实验动物垫料是很有意义的。中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所的科研人员以生长于中国东北地区湿地中的多年生草本植物阔叶香蒲为研究对象 ,对其资源、分布、生物学特性、物理特性、污染情况及其毒性等进行了研究 ,证明蒲草资源丰富 ,价廉易得 ,质地柔软 ,吸水、吸氨性强 ,不含对动物有害的毒性物质 ,对啮齿动物生长、发育及繁殖无不良影响 ,是一种…