Surface forces in foam films from ABA block copolymer: a dynamic method study

The thinning of foam films from aqueous solutions of an ABA triblock copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide (average molecular weight 14,000 g/mol) is studied experimentally. The dependence of the surface forces on film thickness is obtained by the dynamic method of Scheludko and Exerowa.The total surface force measured in foam films (radius 60–70 m) from 10^–5 M (0.014 wt%) polymer solution with 0.1 M NaCl is positive at thicknesses from about 800 down to 460 . The electrostatic repulsion is negligible while the contribution of van der Waals attraction is small (within 15%). Therefore a positive surface force component predominates. Most probably it arises from steric interactions between the hydrophilic polyethylene oxide tails of the polymer. The dynamic method appears to be a suitable technique for exploring the stabilization of foam films from ABA copolymers.     

用引发转移终止剂制备嵌段和接枝共聚物

介绍了引发转移终止剂(Iniferter)的概念及其引发“活性”自由基聚合的原理。综述了Iniferter在制备ABA型三嵌段共聚物和接枝共聚物中的应用和发展。     

蚕豆类水孔蛋白基因的克隆及表达

为了解水孔蛋白在气孔运动中的作用,通过5′/3′RACE(rapid amplification of cDNAends)技术从蚕豆(Vicia fafba)叶片表皮cDNA中克隆出1个编码290个氨基酸的类水孔蛋白基因VfPIP1(Vicia faba plasma membrane intrinsic protein gene),GenBank登录号为AY667436.应用计算机软件对VfPIP1的氨基酸序列分析表明,VfPIP1含6个跨膜区,具有质膜水孔蛋白的特征信号序列GGGANXXXXGY和TGI/TNPARSL/FGAAI/VI/VF/YN,属于PIP1亚家族成员.原位杂交及Northern blot分析显示,VfPIP1在保卫细胞中有较强的表达信号,并受脱落酸(ABA)诱导.上述结果为研究水孔蛋白VfPIP1在气孔运动中的作用及其活性调节机制打下了基础.     

AMD和CHM对水分胁迫下冬小麦幼苗ABA累积的影响

应用ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ对水分胁迫诱导的冬小麦幼苗内源ＡＢＡ变化进行了测定。结果表明，植物体根及叶片ＡＢＡ随着水分胁迫时间的延长而增加，根ＡＢＡ增加草于 叶片。经放线菌素Ｄ和环己亚胺分别与ＰＥＧ一起处理，根及叶片ＡＢＡ增加均明显受抑制，说明此ＡＢＡ增加可能来源于组织的从头生物合成。     

Synthesis of poly(n‐butyl acrylate) homopolymer and poly(styrene‐b‐n‐butyl acrylate‐b‐styrene) triblock copolymer via AGET emulsion ATRP using a cationic surfactant

Cationic emulsions of triblock copolymer particles comprising a poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PⁿBA) central block and polystyrene (PS) outer blocks were synthesized by activator generated by electron transfer (AGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Difunctional ATRP initiator, ethylene bis(2‐bromoisobutyrate) (EBBiB), was used as initiator to synthesize the ABA type poly(styrene‐b‐n‐butyl acrylate‐b‐styrene) (PS‐PⁿBA‐PS) triblock copolymer. The effects of ligand and cationic surfactant on polymerizations were also discussed. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to characterize the molecular weight (M_n) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the resultant triblock copolymers. Particle size and particle size distribution of resulted latexes were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The resultant latexes showed good colloidal stability with average particle size around 100–300 nm in diameter. Glass transition temperature (T_g) of copolymers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 611–620     

蓝光抑制har1中胚轴伸长中ABA含量和相关基因的表达变化

分析了蓝光介导的高粱航空诱变突变体har1中胚轴伸长抑制过程中,蓝光信号途径关键组分基因SbCRY1 b、SbCOP1和SbHY5的表达水平变化,研究表明,har1对蓝光的超敏感可能与其中SbCRY1 b表达水平升高有关.外源ABA增加了蓝光对R111中胚轴的伸长抑制程度,抑制剂NAP(Naproxen)在一定程度上可以缓解蓝光对har1中胚轴的抑制.同时,蓝光处理后har1中胚轴中内源ABA含量增加程度较R111更为显著,初步表明ABA参与蓝光介导的高粱幼苗中胚轴伸长抑制反应.     

光周期对水分胁迫下冬小麦幼苗内源ABA及CTK含量的影响

全光照促进水分胁迫下冬小麦幼苗根ＡＢＡ及ＣＴＫ的累积。正常光周期则促进叶片ＣＴＫ的累积，对叶片ＡＢＡ累积影响较小。     

拟南芥SnRK2.2/2.3激酶参与调节镉胁迫响应的机制探究

为探究拟南芥SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3基因对Cd胁迫响应的分子机制. 以野生型（WT）、双突变体SnRK2.2/2.3、过表达SnRK2.2和过表达SnRK2.3的转基因植物为材料,研究SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3基因与Cd胁迫响应的关系.发现过表达两个基因可以提高拟南芥对Cd的耐受性,表现为可以减少Cd、丙二醛（MDA）及活性氧（ROS）的累积量,增加抗氧化酶CAT、POD和SOD的活性. qRT PCR结果显示在Cd胁迫下,两种过表达植株中铁转运蛋白IRT1和转录因子FIT、bHLH038和bHLH039表达水平受到明显抑制,ABA合成相关基因AAO3和NCED3的表达量显著上调.在Cd胁迫下,两种过表达植株中ABA含量显著高于WT和双突变体. 以上结果表明：拟南芥遭受Cd胁迫时,SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3基因通过下调IRT1基因表达从而减少植物对Cd的吸收,同时通过增加内源ABA含量来缓解Cd对植物的毒害.     

水分胁迫对冬麦幼苗激素水平的影响

水分胁迫初期,2个品种小麦幼苗脱落酸(ABA)只有少量增加,此后ABA迅速累积,胁迫后期,F_ (122)约增加20.7倍,丰8仅增加4.7倍。复水后均很快下降到对照水平。胁迫初期,小麦幼苗出现萎蔫症状之前,玉米素核苷(ZR)便迅速下降,然后再升高,随着胁迫的加剧再次下降,复水后又迅速回升。出现一“反冲”现象。F_ (122)幼苗中ZR在干旱处理的第2天便迅速下降了69.8％,而丰在干旱的第3天只下降了14.6％。这反映了2个品种小麦内源激素水平的变化对水分胁迫反应的差异。     

大麦叶肉和叶肉原生质体间若干性状的比较

和叶肉相比，叶肉原生质体的K含量下降，Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu等元素的含量则显著升高，游离ABA水平显著较高;碱性过氧化物酶活性明显下降.以上事实表明，叶肉细胞的脱壁措施会使细胞原生质体的生理、、生化状况产生显著变化.