粘土矿物的成因初步研究

粘土矿物是地表带分布最广的矿物,粘土矿物的形成方式有3种:与风化作用有关；热液和温泉水作用于围岩,可以形成粘土矿物的蚀变富集带；由沉积作用、成岩作用生成粘土矿物.对其粘土矿物的成因进行了分析归纳.     

川东鄂西山地紫色土发生探讨

本文研究表明,在试验区内,地质构造决定着紫色岩层的展布和紫色土的分布;老年、壮年、青年等不同地貌发育阶段则深刻影响和制约紫色土发生演化的方向.在现代成土条件下,各地类型紫色土的发育和岩石,既存在矿质元素的相对迁移和富集.也存在元素间的彼此制约关系.实质为碱金属、碱土金属在土壤剖层次间的淋溶作用.土壤淋溶系数5.90-14.960;岩石淋溶系数2.269-4.466.     

模拟酸雨淋洗下土壤化学和矿物风化特性的变化

经模拟酸雨处理不同紫色土而引起土壤化学和矿物变化的研究，发现模拟酸雨量对土壤交换性盐基影响更大，盐基离子流失次序为Ｃａ（２＋）＞Ｍｇ（２＋）＞Ｋ＋，而土壤酸度受模拟酸雨酸度直接影响更重。在模拟大量酸度强酸雨处理明显酸化的土壤上，铁、铝氧化物含量相对增加；粘土矿物中石英明显减少，晶体表面状况受到破坏。因此，重庆地区长期的酸雨必将影响到土壤的化学风化。     

漳浦沿海新生代玄武岩的风化成矿作用

玄武岩红土壳具帝状结构。本文叙述了红土壳各带的岩石、矿物特征,风化过程中元素的迁移和聚散,硅铝分离、铁铝分离在铝土矿形成上的重要意义;用扫描电镜和能谱仪对各带样品作了系统观测;探讨了矿物的风化和演变;认为三水铝石可通过多种方式形成于风化作用的不同阶段。     

北极新奥尔松地区环境演变的沉积记录

分析了北极新奥尔松地区伦敦岛的湖泊沉积物L1的16种元素(Hg、Se、Cd、As、Cu、Zn、P、Fe、Ti、K、Mn、Ca、Mg、Na、Si、Al)及TOC(总有机碳)的含量.结果表明:沉积物表层5 cm部分Hg、Se、Cd等重金属元素的污染主要是由20世纪以来新奥尔松煤矿开采活动引起的;而5 cm以下部分属于自然沉积.同时,发现最表层的Hg、Se、Cd含量有降低趋势,很可能是新奥尔松煤矿的关闭导致煤灰沉积的减少.计算了ICV等元素比值,其结果揭示了新奥尔松地区的化学风化作用十分微弱,过去几千年来,该地区气候环境经历了相对暖湿-寒冷-相对暖湿的阶段.     

风化校正作用在烃源岩有机地化研究中的应用

通过对哈密拗陷下二叠统野外剖面观察和样品采集,运用岩石热解、有机碳测试、干酪根分析及饱和烃气相色谱等技术进行室内样品测试,在与前人分析数据相结合的基础上,利用风化校正作用对哈密拗陷下二叠统露头烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型进行评价,同时探讨了有机质成熟度、原始沉积环境和生源特征.结果表明,哈密拗陷下二叠统烃源岩属于好—很...     

Spatiotemporal variations of Zr/Rb ratio in three last interglacial paleosol profiles across the Chinese Loess Plateau and its implications for climatic interpretation

The ratio of Zirconium to Rubidium （Zr/Rb） is suggested to be a better proxy for the East Asian winter monsoon strength than the widely-used grain size distribution. The rationale for the Zr/Rb proxy relies on the following assumptions： （1） Grain size fractionating characteristics during eolian dust transport should be archived in the Zr/Rb ratio records and this assumption is based on the premise that Zr is preferentially enriched in coarser grain size fraction while Rb tend to be enriched in finer grain size fraction; and （2） post-depositional weathering does not change the Zr/Rb ratio due to the immobility of these two elements. To examine these two assumptions, three last interglacial paleosols （S1） from Dingxi, Tianshui and Lantian, along a NW-SE transect across the Chinese Loess Plateau, were geo- chemically investigated. Our results show that the Rb concentration exhibits an increasing trend along the NW-SE transect both in the paleosol （S1） and the measured portions of the loess units （L1 and L2）, being supportive to the assumption that Rb is enriched in the fine particles. But we also found that Rb loss did occur to some extent in the three profiles, contradicting to the presumption of Rb immobility during pedogenic processes. The Zr concentration exhibits an expected decreasing trend in the measured portions of the loess units and an unexpected increasing trend in the paleosol along the NW-SE transect. Moreover, the ratios of Zirconium to Hafnium （Zr/Hf） show different variation patterns between interglacial and glacial, implying that Zr-bearing minerals and their resident grain size fractions are probably not identical during interglacial and glacial. Thus, the assumption that Zr is enriched in coarse grain size fraction can no longer hold. We conclude that the final Zr/Rb value is not only dependent on grain size sorting processes but also on post-depositional alteration and source prove- nance. Under enhanced chemical weathering, especially when chemical index of alterat     

Meso-Cenozoic uplifting and exhumation on Yunkaidashan： Evidence from fission track thermochronology

Yunkaidashan, located at the southern South China block (SCB) and closely adjacent to the Indochina block, is an ideal region for better understanding the temporal and spatial framework of tectonothermal overprinting at the southern SCB since Mesozoic. Apatite and zircon fission track thermochronology of various-type rocks from Yunkaidashan is presented in this paper. The results show, no matter what rocks are, the apparent ages of zircon fission track range from 97.4 to 133.0 Ma, and those of apatite fission track from 43.2 to 68.4 Ma. The length of apatite fission track yields an average confined track length of -13 μm andshows normal distribution of unimodal frequency. It is inferred that the uplifting amplitude has been more than 5 km in Yunkaidashan since late Mesozoic. The difference of fission track apparent ages at different locations in Yunkaidashan suggests a paleophysiognomic scenario of the heterogeneous uplift/denudation. These data of the fission track thermochronology provide new constraints for better understanding the tectonophysiognomic pattern of the SCB sincelate Mesozoic.     

香港风化花岗岩细观结构研究方法

应用光学显微镜和Qwin图像分析系统,对风化花岗岩的微观结构进行了定量分析,介绍了包括含量、粒度、方向孔隙度、形状系数、定向性等定量指标。根据分析的结果指出,香港地区九龙观塘花岗岩为中风化至强风化细粒花岗岩,石硖尾花岗岩为强风化粗中粒花岗岩。