河流COD污染通量变化规律研究

分析了两种类型河流COD污染通量变化特征。汇水面积较大的河流 ,下游断面汛期COD通量远大于点源COD入河排污量 ,典型河流断面可达其 9～ 2 2倍。这类河流COD污染通量与河水流量呈显著正相关 ,r值在 0 .90 3～ 0 .997范围 ,文中给出线性回归方程。河流点源污染量变异系数一般在 30 %～ 6 0 %,面源可达 12 7%～ 2 0 7%。     

Fast Theoretical Simulation for Design of Helical Flux Compression Generators

A theoretical scheme is derived to achieve the numerical simulation of helical flux compression generator （HFCG） design, by which not only any physical approximation is not made, but also numerical simulation can be fast obtained. In particular, an analytic formula to calculate the inductance is deduced, which is extremely close to the experimental results. The physical process of relevant interesting physical quantity, such as inductance, enlarging current, and magnetic flux density, can be calculated to compare with the experimentally quantitative results.     

红外光谱中低光能通量光谱测量方法研究

对一些低光能通量的红外光谱测量方法进行了初步探讨，采用减光法使低透过率物质的光谱质量得到了提高，并与纵标扩大法得到的结果进行了比较和讨论，证明减光法比纵标扩大法有很大的优越性．     

NSRL-XAFS光束线弧矢聚焦双晶单色器设计

针对XAFS光束线能量动态扫描的实验特点，介绍了弧矢聚焦双晶单色器的物理设计：包括晶体光学结构、性能参数计算、晶体热载分析和弧矢弯曲原理．弧矢缩比选择为1：4．88，水平接收角由原来的1mrad拓宽到3mrad，在不改变基本配置的情况下，获得了样品上束癍缩小、光子通量高达半个量级以上的增益．     

低通量慢中子对Bi系超导体的辐照效应

本文研究低通量慢中子对Bi系超导体的辐照效应。实验结果表明:(1)Bi系超导体在适量慢中子辐照后,临界电流密度J_c和零电阻温度T_c0都有不同程度提高;(2)低通量慢中子和高通量快中子对Bi系超导体具有相似的辐照效应。 关键词：     

超痕量检测技术“锁住”二恶英

在国家“十五”攻关重大专项和国家重大科技专项的支持下，由中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所完成的“二恶英，多氯联苯和氯丙醇的痕量与超痕量检测技术研究”，不仅使我国的二恶英、多氯联苯和氯丙醇的超痕量检测技术通过了国际质量分析考核，而且使我国首次以起草国身份参与国际食品法典委员会（CAC）有关二恶英控制等国际标准的起草和制定工作。代表国家分析水平的二恶英及相关超痕量检测技术的建立，     

中国大气中氧化亚氮浓度及土壤排放通量的测定

收集和分析了中国不同地区的大气样品并且得出了痕量气体N_2O的浓度。用箱式法对种植不同作物农田释放N_2O的通量进行了测定。测得我国本底站N_2O大气浓度为308±5ppb(1989年),这和世界其它本底站N_2O浓度相同。在其它城、乡地区测定的N_2O浓度则较高。不同农田释放N_2O的通量虽有差异,但数值大致相当。农业活动和天气条件影响土壤释放N_2O的大小。计算得出,1990年我国来自农业源(土壤和含氮化肥释放)的N_2O平均排放量为122GgN_2O-N。     

一体式膜-活性污泥工艺处理高浓度农药废水

将自制的仿生膜生物反应器用于农药废水的处理.采用纯好氧(O)与厌氧/好氧(A/O)两条不同工艺路线进行试验.结果表明一体式纯好氧仿生膜生物反应器出水水质好,出水浊度低.CODcr去除率80%以上,浊度去除率达98%,污泥耐冲击能力强.稳定膜通量为115.2 L*h-1*m-2.     

Nanoengineering of Flux Pinning Sites in High－Tc Superconductors

Volume pinning forces were determined for a variety of bulk high-Tc superconductors of the 123-type from magnetization measurements. By means of scaling of the pinning forces, the acting pinning mechanisms in various temperature ranges were identified. The Nd-based superconductors and some YBCO crystals exhibited a dominating pinning of the δTc-type (i.e., small, superconducting pinning sites). In contrast to this, the addition of insulating 211 particles provided pinning of the δl-type; providing effective pinning in the entire temperature range acting as a “background” pinning mechanism for the peak effect. Due to the small coherence lengths of the high-Tc compounds, effective pinning sites are defects or particles of nanometer size relative to ε^3. Integral magnetic measurements of the magnetization as a function of temperature in large applied magnetic fields (up to 7 T) revealed that practically all high-Tccompounds were spatially inhomogeneous, which could becaused by oxygen deficiency (YBCO), solid solutions of Nd/Ba (NdBCO and other light rare earth compounds), intergrowths (Bi-based superconductors), and doping by pair-breaking dopants like Zn, Pr. This implies that the superconducting sample consists of stronger and weaker superconducting areas, coupled together. In large applied fields, this coupling gets broken and the magnetization versus temperature curves revealed more than one superconducting transition. In contrast, irradiation experiments by neutrons, protons,and heavy-ions enabled the artificial introduction of very effective pinning sites into the high-Tc superconductors, thus creating a large variety of different observations using magnetic data. From all these observations, we construct a pinning diagram for bulk high-Tc superconductors explaining many featuresobserved in high-Tc samples.     

厦门港小型浮游生物对可溶性活性磷吸收和再生通量的季节变化

用３２ＰＯ４３－同位素稀释法测定了厦门港小型浮游生物（＜２００μｍ）对可溶性活性磷（ＳＲＰ的吸收和再生通量；并同时测定了现场的Ｃｈｌａ、初级生产力和各种形态磷．厦门港ＳＲＰ吸收和再生通量有明显的季节变化，夏季最大、冬季最小，且ＳＲＰ通量与生源要素呈现协变性；表层（０．５ｍ）ＳＲＰ通量与Ｃｈｌａ成较好的正相关，ＳＲＰ通量的变化与浮游植物的消长密切相关．全年平均表层ＳＲＰ再生能满足初级生产磷吸收的４３．３％；底层（１６ｍ）再生与吸收比远大于１，ＳＲＰ的再生对初级生产的调控具有重要作用．表层全年平均ＳＲＰ的周转时间为８８．７５ｈ，７月ＳＲＰ最低，但其周转时间也最短仅为３．７ｈ，以最大程度地利用磷维持较高的初级生产力．较低的碳、磷同化原子比及较短的ＳＲＰ周转时间表明厦门港磷同化速率较高．