播期推迟对冀东地区强筋小麦产量构成和籽粒蛋白质质量分数的影响

为研究强筋小麦在冀东地区对不同播期反应差异,2016～2017年在大田条件下,以强筋小麦津农7号和中麦1062为材料,设置3个处理播期,分别是10月10日(SD1),10月15日(SD2)和10月20日(SD3),以10月5日为对照播期(CK),研究了不同播期对强筋小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质质量分数的影响。结果表明:(1)随着播期的推迟,小麦干物质积累量显著降低;(2)产量最高值出现在10月10日这一播期,早播或晚播均会造成不同程度的减产;(3)籽粒蛋白质质量分数随播期的推迟而提高,播期推迟有利于提高籽粒蛋白质质量分数。     

疏水色谱法及其在生物大分子分离纯化中的应用

综合评述了疏水相互作用色谱法（hydrophobic interaction chromatography,HIC)的理论及其在生物大分子分离纯化方面的研究进展。     

新一代X射线激光器可用于观察分子构造

英国《新科学家》杂志日前刊载文章称，新一代X射线激光器能用于研究蛋白质和其他生物分子的构造和行为。新一代X射线激光器的能量将是现有设备的100亿倍，能使科学家观察到最微小最精妙的分子构造。利用这种技术可以破解复杂的蛋白质和完整的病毒结构，甚至可能获得DNA的三维图像。X射线激光器被称作自由电子激光器。与传统激光器不同，自由电子激光器并不是通过光照或电流刺激某种物质发射光子，而是使用粒子加速器让极小的电子云穿过磁铁组，这些磁铁把电子推来推去，直到电子释放出光脉冲。传统激光器的激光波长是由发射光子的物质本…     

原子力显微镜在分子细胞生物学研究中的应用

 1986年秉霖(G.Binning)等在扫描隧道显微镜的基础上发明了原子力显微镜(Atomicforcemicro-scope,AFM)。这种显微镜的放大倍数远远超过以往的任何显微镜,可以直接观察物质的分子和原子组成,这为微观世界的探索提供了理想的工具。AFM不仅可以以高分辨率表征样品表面形貌,分析研究与作用力相对应的各种表面性质,并可对样品的分子或原子进行纳米级力加工,也能对活的生命样品进行实时动态观测。这些特性使AFM在生命科学特别是在分子细胞生物学的研究中占据着独特的地位。一、AFM对细胞表面结构的研究AFM的样品制备简单,只需作一个渗涂片并在空气中干燥,且不需特殊的染色和固定;它的     

蛋白质凝聚结晶和致病的动力学机制

这本书涉及了蛋白质在溶液中的相转变、自组装和聚集行为等问题。其主要目的是向跨学科的读者介绍这一领域的研究现状。书中主要讨论了蛋白质优质结晶的问题，指出其瓶颈在于晶体的成核。由于蛋白质的结构决定了它的功能，因此非常有必要培养出优质的晶体来确定其结构，其中遇到的主要挑战是确定具备最佳成核条件的溶液初始状态。     

Finding finer functions for partially characterized proteins by protein-protein interaction networks

Based on high-throughput data, numerous algorithms have been designed to find functions of novel proteins. However, the effectiveness of such algorithms is currently limited by some fundamental factors, including (1) the low a-priori probability of novel proteins participating in a detailed function; (2) the huge false data present in high-throughput datasets; (3) the incomplete data coverage of functional classes; (4) the abundant but heterogeneous negative samples for training the algorithms; and (5) the lack of detailed functional knowledge for training algorithms. Here, for partially characterized proteins, we suggest an approach to finding their finer functions based on protein interaction sub-networks or gene expression patterns, defined in function-specific subspaces. The proposed approach can lessen the above-mentioned problems by properly defining the prediction range and functionally filtering the noisy data, and thus can efficiently find proteins’ novel functions. For thousands of yeast and human proteins partially characterized, it is able to reliably find their finer functions (e.g., the translational functions) with more than 90% precision. The predicted finer functions are highly valuable both for guiding the follow-up wet-lab validation and for providing the necessary data for training algorithms to learn other proteins.     

Effect of Notoginsenoside-Rg1 on the Expression of Several Proteins in the Striatum of Rat Models with Parkinson＇s Disease

After establishing hemi-Parkinsonian rat models, the relationships between neuron death and the expression of several proteins, such as c-Fos, GFAP, GDNF, NF-κB and some cytokines were determined. Therapeutics experiments with notoginsenoside-Rg1 were carried out. The research results show that the expressions of GFAP, NF-Kκ and c-Fos will obviously increase in the lesion side of the striatum and the expression of GDNF will decrease, which implies that the signal transduction pathway may participate in the apoptosis in neurons. The levels of some cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β in the striatum of PD rat models increased compared to those of normal rats. The results of the therapeutics experiments show that notoginsenoside-Rg1 may repress the immune inflammation response and regulate the immune function through the neuro-immune molecular network. Therefore, notoginsenoside-Rg1 can be used as an effective drug for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and can be used in the therapy of Parkinson＇s disease（PD）.     

酵母蛋白质网络的动力学性质

蛋白质-蛋白质、蛋白质-DNA相互作用网络决定了细胞中各种关键功能的执行．基于芽殖酵母(budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae)的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络数据和相关的实验文献，我们建立了调控细胞周期和生命周期(cell cycle and life cycle)的蛋白质网络，并利用离散模型研究了该网络的动力学性质，研究表明：细胞周期网络的动力学性质具有很强的稳定性，约94％的蛋白质初态将演化到对应于生物学G1基态的稳定态，使其成为惟一的全局吸引点；同时，绝大多数的初态的演化路径都通过由G1激发态到G1基态的细胞周期演化路径，使细胞周期路径成为全局性的“吸引”路径。     

在三通道α-螺旋蛋白质中传递生物能量的孤子的特性

用庞小峰先生提出的生物能量传递的新理论和 Runge-Kutta数值模拟方法,研究了三通道α-螺旋蛋白质中激发的孤子的动力学特性,求出在0K和300K温度下该孤子稳定地沿蛋白质链传递.由此可见,它能担任在蛋白质分子中传递生物能量的功能.从而再次证实了新理论的可利用性.