黑河上游亚高山草地小时尺度蒸散发研究

选择黑河上游天涝池小流域为研究区,亚高山草地为研究对象,利用涡度系统计算2014-2016年小时尺度蒸散发量,选择Penman、FAO Penman-Monteith、FAO Penman、Priestley-Taylor模型模拟研究区亚高山草地小时尺度蒸散发量.结果表明,除Priestley-Taylor模型,其他3...     

THE USE OF VISCO-ELASTOPLASTIC DAMAGE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL TO SIMULATE NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE

A visco-elastoplastic damage constitutive model is proposed for simulating nonlinear behavior of concrete. Based on traditional plastic theory, the irreversible deformation is simulated in effective stress space. In order to reflect different stiffness degradation mechanism of concrete under tensile and compressive loading conditions, both tensile and compressive damage variables are introduced, and then on the basis of energy release rate, the model is firmly derived within the concept of irreversible thermodynamics. The rate-dependent model is considered by introducing viscous regularization into the inelastic strain and damage variable, and combined with an additional elastic condition. Fully implicit backward-Euler algorithm is used to perform constitutive integration. Results of numerical examples using the proposed model agree well with test results for specimens under uniaxial tension and compression, biaxial loading and triaxial loading. Failure processes of single-edge-notched (SEN) beam and double-edge-notched (DEN) specimen are also simulated to further validate the proposed model.     

Investigation of Bessel beam propagation in scattering media with scalar diffraction method

Bessel beam propagation in scattering media is simulated using the angular spectrum method combined with slice-by-slice propagation model. Generating Bessel beams with a spatial light modulator, which provides a means to adjust flexibly the parameters of the Bessel beam, allows us to validate the simulation results experimentally. The study reveals that the self-reconstructing length changes oppositely with the axicon angle （i.e., the larger the axieon angle, the shorter the self-reconstructing length）. The radius of the incident beam has little influence on the self-reconstruction of the Bessel beam central lobe.     

基于近似贝叶斯的模型选择

讨论了近似贝叶斯计算(ABC)方法的改进算法ABC-SMC在实际建模过程中的模型选择和参数估计问题.ABC算法是一个似然自由的算法.当似然函数难以计算或没有精确解析形式的情形时,ABC算法规避了似然函数的计算,转而关注模型的生成模拟,这也是该算法的核心.ABC-SMC在经典的ABC框架上改造了抽样过程,利用序列蒙特卡罗...     

Simulating regular wave propagation over a submerged bar by boundary element method model and Boussinesq equation model

Numerical models based on the boundary element method and Boussinesq equation are used to simulate the wave transform over a submerged bar for regular waves.In the boundary-element-method model the linear element is used,and the integrals are computed by analytical formulas.The Boussinesq-equation model is the well-known FUNWAVE from the University of Delaware.We compare the numerical free surface displacements with the laboratory data on both gentle slope and steep slope,and find that both the models simulate the wave transform well.We further compute the agreement indexes between the numerical result and laboratory data,and the results support that the boundary-element-method model has a stable good performance,which is due to the fact that its governing equation has no restriction on nonlinearity and dispersion as compared with Boussinesq equation.     

基于BEPS-Terrainlab v2.0模型鄂西犟河流域1999年—2016年蒸散发模拟分析

蒸散发在水循环中占据着重要地位,采用模型模拟法研究小流域尺度的蒸散发具有高时间、空间分辨率的优势.该文选取湖北省十堰市犟河流域为研究区,基于BEPS-Terrainlab v2.0模型,利用Landsat5-8遥感影像和气象资料等数据,以日为时间步长模拟了研究区内1999年—2016年的蒸散发.模拟结果与MODIS蒸散发产品MOD16A2进行对比,二者年内变化相关系数R2＝0.92,MODIS数据时空分辨率均低于模拟数据,但也在一定程度上验证了模拟的可靠性.模拟结果显示：时间变化上,流域内蒸散发在年内呈单峰状分布(春季156.9 mm、夏季302.5 mm、秋季133.5 mm、冬季18.5 mm);年际上呈现波动变化,有一定周期性,总体有上升趋势.空间分布上,流域内蒸散发分布植被区高于非植被区,不同植被类型蒸散发不同(阔叶>混交>针叶>农田),不同高程蒸散发也不同(500～700 m区间内最大).经过相关性分析,气温、太阳辐射对蒸散发年内变化影响较大,通过了0.01的显著性检验;叶面积指数、降水对年际变化影响较大,通过了0.05的显著性检验.     

太赫兹互补金属氧化物半导体场效应管探测器理论模型中扩散效应研究

针对基于经典动力学理论传统模型中忽略扩散效应的问题,通过对基于玻尔兹曼理论的场效应管传输线模型的理论分析,建立了包含扩散效应的太赫兹互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)场效应管探测器理论模型,研究扩散效应对场效应管电导及响应度的影响.同时,将此模型与忽略了扩散效应的传统模型进行了对比仿真模拟,给出了两种模型下的电流响应度随温度及频率变化的差别.依据仿真结果,并结合3σ原则明确了场效应管传输线模型中扩散部分省略的依据和条件.研究结果表明:扩散部分引起的响应度差异大小主要由场效应管的工作温度及工作频率决定.其中工作频率起主要作用,温度变化对差异大小影响较为微弱;而对于工作频率而言,当场效应管工作频率小于1 THz时,模型中的扩散部分可以忽略不计;而当工作频率大于1 THz时,扩散部分不可省略,此时场效应管模型需同时包含漂移、散射及扩散三个物理过程.本文的研究结果为太赫兹CMOS场效应管理论模型的精确建立及模拟提供了理论支持.     

Experimental identification of a comb-shaped chaotic region in multiple parameter spaces simulated by the Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model

A comb-shaped chaotic region has been simulated in multiple two-dimensional parameter spaces using the Hindmarsh-Rose （HR） neuron model in many recent studies, which can interpret almost all of the previously simulated bifurcation processes with chaos in neural firing patterns. In the present paper, a comb-shaped chaotic region in a two- dimensional parameter space was reproduced, which presented different processes of period-adding bifurcations with chaos with changing one parameter and fixed the other parameter at different levels. In the biological experiments, different period-adding bifurcation scenarios with chaos by decreasing the extra-cellular calcium concentration were observed from some neural pacemakers at different levels of extra-cellular 4-aminopyridine concentration and from other pacemakers at different levels of extra-cellular caesium concentration. By using the nonlinear time series analysis method, the determin- istic dynamics of the experimental chaotic firings were investigated. The period-adding bifurcations with chaos observed in the experiments resembled those simulated in the comb-shaped chaotic region using the HR model. The experimental results show that period-adding bifurcations with chaos are preserved in different two-dimensional parameter spaces, which provides evidence of the existence of the comb-shaped chaotic region and a demonstration of the simulation results in dif- ferent two-dimensional parameter spaces in the HR neuron model. The results also present relationships between different firing patterns in two-dimensional parameter spaces.     

体感诱发电位检测中电琐激场分布的模型模拟

采用镜像法，对经皮刺激电极下人体组织中电位场和电流密度场的分布进行了理论的推导，得到了场分布的解析解，以此解析解为基础，推导了电极下场分布的数值解，在此基础上，通过模拟实验进行了验证。结果表明，刺激电极下的电场与电流场分布是不均匀的，当刺激电极安放在；被刺激神经正上方并沿神经起行方向放置，效果最好。     

强降雨量随着全球温度的增高而增多

科学家研究发现,随着全球暖化的持续,强降雨发生的频率增加了,而且它比目前的气候模型所预测的还要更加频繁。这些发现意味着,由于全球暖化而造成的对全球水循环变化的影响,比人们曾经想象的要严重许多。科学家们应用卫星观察资料和模型模拟来检验热带降雨和地球表面温度变化以