张广才岭岩石圈结构及盆岭构造

中新生代期间,太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下俯冲,而在中国大陆内部却以拉张作用为主,在此期间,华北板块以北中生代之前拼合的微板块群－黑龙江板块群,也遭受了强烈的伸展作用,形成盆岭相间分布的地貌格局,表明已进入了强烈的伸展作用阶段。通过地表地质和地球物理综合研究,详细论述了张广才岭地区的地壳和岩石圈结构,讨论了山岭与其两侧盆地之间的成因联系。在此基础上探讨了中国东部大陆边缘伸展作用的特点和大地构造意义。     

A perspective view on ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and continental collision in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt

The study of continental deep-subduction has been one of the forefront and core subjects to advance the plate tectonics theory in the twenty-first century. The Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in China crops out the largest lithotectonic unit containing ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the world. Much of our understanding of the world＇s most enigmatic processes in continental deep-subduction zones has been deduced from various records in the Dabie-Sulu rocks. By taking these rocks as the natural laboratory, earth scientists have made seminal contributions to understanding of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and continental collision. This paper outlines twelve aspects of outstanding progress, including spatial distribution of the UHP metamorphic rocks, timing of the UHP metamorphism, timescale of the UHP metamorphism, the protolith nature of deeply subducted continental crust, subduction erosion and crustal detachment during continental collision, the possible depths of continental subduction, fluid activity in the continental deep-subduction zone, partial melting during continental collision, element mobility in continental deep-subduction zone, recycling of subducted continental crust, geodynamic mechanism of postcollisional magmatism, and lithospheric architecture of collision orogen. Some intriguing questions and directions are also proposed for future studies.     

济阳坳陷岩石圈热结构的二维模拟

基于济阳坳陷的深反射／折射地震测深资料以及华北地区地温场资料和地震波速度（υp）与放射性生热率（A）的实验关系,建立了二维稳态热传导模型,模拟了济阳坳陷岩石层温度分布．研究表明：壳幔边界温度与地壳厚度密切相关,地壳厚度大的地区壳幔边界温度相对较高,约为600～650℃,地壳厚度小的地区壳幔边界温度相对较低,在510～550℃之间;该地区居里面深度在30km左右,与Moho面的深度近似;计算得到该地区热岩石圈厚度在81-102km之间,其分布形态与莫霍面的分布形态相近．     

Phase transition in the subducted oceanic lithosphere and generation of the subduction zone magma

Two metamorphic processes, i.e. subsolidus dehydration and partial melting occurring in MORB, metasediments and peridotite of subducted oceanic lithosphere are discussed on the basis of available experimental work and phase equilibrium modeling. Phase diagrams of hydrous MORB show that in most cold subduction P-T （pressure-temperature） regimes a large portion of water in the basic layer has released below the onset of blueschist facies （〈 20 km）, and at a depth （60--70 km） of transition from lawsonite blueschist to lawsonite eclogite facies through glaucophane dehydration; only a smaller portion of water will escape from the slab through dehydration of lawsonite and chloritoid in the depth range suitable for arc magma formation; and a very small portion of water stored in lawsonite and phengite will fade into the deeper mantle. The role of amphibole for arc magma formation is still arguable. In cold subduction P-Tregimes, the dehydration of chlorite and talc in AI-poor metasediments, and chloritoid and carpholite in AI-rich metapelites at a depth around 80--100 km will make some con- tributions to the formation of arc magma. Comparatively, dehydration of serpentine in hydrated peri- dotite occurs at depths of 120--180 km, playing an important role in the arc magmatism. Subduction of oceanic crust along warm P-T regimes will cross the solidi at a depth over 80 km, resulting in partial melting under fluid-saturated and fluid-absent conditions in the metasediments involving biotite and phengite, and in the basic rocks involving epidote and amphibole. The melt compositions of the basic crust are adakitic at pressures 〈 3.0 GPa, but become peraluminous granitic at higher pressures.     

板块运动的纬向重力模式

按照“纬向正常密度假说”的观点提出了“纬向密度异常”和“纬向重力”的概念,进而提出了板块运动的“纬向重力模式”,按照这一模式,纬向重力总是把地球物质从“纬向密度异常高”的地区推向、纬向密度异常低！”的地区,一方面,,纬向重力驱动岩石圈沿水平方向运动,另一方面,因纬向重力驱动软流圈物质沿水平方向运动而使得岩石圈沿垂直方向发生,同密度异常高地区的岩石圈会因软流圈物质的流失而下沉,纬向密度异常低地区的岩石圈会因为软流圈物质的补充而上升。     

华北晚中生代变质核杂岩构造及其对岩石圈减薄机制的约束

变质核杂岩是华北地区晚中生代岩石圈伸展与减薄的重要产物，以辽南、瓦子峪（医巫闾山）、云蒙山等为代表的变质核杂岩具有各自的特性与共性：运动学极性、几何学不对称性、形成时间的跨越性、不分布均匀性和规模的级序性. 变质核杂岩所具有的众多特点，直接为讨论区域岩石圈伸展与减薄过程提供重要约束，揭示出许多与现有盛行的地幔柱、拆沉作用、加厚造山带地壳伸展垮塌等成因模式相驳的证据. 文中提出建立完善的区域岩石圈伸展与减薄模型，必须考虑到岩石圈深部的极性运动（或单向剪切）、岩石圈板块破坏的渐进性发展、伸展作用岩浆作用关系，以及变质核杂岩发育与郯庐断裂的同时活动性.     

Thermodynamic evolution of lithosphere of the North China craton： Records from lower crust and upper mantle xenoliths from Hannuoba

Lithospheric thinning in East China attracts much attention of geologists. In many cases where a lithospheric thinning is inferred, the trigger for instability is a preced-ing episode of crustal thickening by the continental colli-sion[1]. Lithospheric processes (e.g. lithospheric thinning) could be recorded by the thermal history of the lower crustal and upper mantle xenoliths. Xu et al.[2] suggested that the cooling (from >1200 to 850℃) recorded by spinel harzburgite from Northeast China …     

西昆仑及邻区岩石圈动力学特征

地球物理资料显示西昆仑地区岩石圈的结构具"厚壳薄幔"特征,热模拟结果表明莫霍面温度偏高;对西昆仑及邻区的重力和地形数据反演推算的岩石圈有效弹性厚度小,说明岩石圈的强度低,有利于均衡调整和快速隆升.研究表明西昆仑地区岩石圈的结构特征、热状态、应力场和岩石圈的强度等动力学因素是相互耦合的.     

Study on crustal, lithospheric and asthenospheric thickness beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas

Based on the results of pure dispersions of Rayleigh wave tomography in the Qinghai-Tlbet Plateau and its adjacent areas, tsklng S wave velocities from previous linear inversion as the initial model, using the simulated annealing algorithm, a nonlinear simultaneous inversion has been carried out for S wave velocity and thickness of different layers, including the crust, the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. The results indicate： The crustal thickness shows strong correlation with geology structures sketched by the sutures and major faults. The crust is very thick in the Qinghal-Tibet Plateau, varying from 60 km to 80 kin. The Ilthospherlc thickness in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Is thinner （130-160 kin） than Its adjacent areas. And two blocks can be recognized, divided by an NNE strike boundary running between 90°E-92°E inside the plateau. Its asthenosphere is relatively thick, varies from 150 km to 230 kin, and the thickest area is located in the western Qiangtsng. India has a thinner crust （32-38 kin）, a thicker lithosphere of 190 km and a rather thin asthenosphere of only 60 kin. Sichuan and Tarlm basins have the crust thickness less than 50 kin. Their Iithospheres are thicker than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and their asthenospheres are thinner. A discussion has been made on the character and formation mechanism of the typical crust-mantle transition zone in the western Qiangtsng block.