Paleoceanographic records in the sedimentary cores from the middle Okinawa Trough

Two gravity piston cores (Cores 155 and 180) involved in this study were collected from the middle Okinawa Trough. Stratigraphy of the two cores was divided and classified based on the features of planktonic foraminifera oxygen isotope changes together with depositional sequence,millennium-scale climatic event comparison, carbonate cycles and AMS^14C dating. Some paleoclimatic information contained in sediments of these cores was extracted to discuss the paleoclimatic change rules and the short-time scale events presented in interglacial period. Analysis on the variation of oxygen isotope values in stage two shows that the middle part of the Okinawa Trough may have been affected by fresh water from the Yellow River and the Yangtze River during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The oxygen isotope value oscillating ranges of the cores have verified that the marginal sea has an amplifying effect on climate changes.The δ^13C of benthic foraminifera Uvigerina was lighter in the glacial period than that in the interglacial period, which indicates that the Paleo-Kuroshio‘s main stream moved eastward and its influence area decreased. According to the temperature difference during the “YD” period existing in Core 180 and other data, we can reach the conclusion that the climatic changes in the middle Okinawa Trough area were controlled by global climatic changes, but some regional factors had also considerable influence on the climatechanges. Some results in this paper support Fairbanks‘s point that the “YD” event was a brief stagnation of sea level rising during the global warming up procession. Moreover,the falling of sea level in the glacial period weakened the exchange between the bottom water of the Okinawa Trough and the deep water of the northwestern Pacific Ocean and resulted in low oxygen state of bottom water in this area.These procedures are the reasons for carbonate cycle in the Okinawa Trough area being consistent with the “Atlantic type”carbonate cycle.     

城口-鄂西海槽西侧Fng1井区生物礁发育有利相带预测

二叠系长兴组为鄂西地区主要勘探层系之一,其沉积相展布存在多种不确定性,截止目前针对此区块地震研究较少。首次利用三维地震勘探成果对城口鄂西海槽西侧大巴山前缘Fng1井区进行了生物礁发育相带预测。通过与研究成熟的开江-梁平海槽对比,建立地震相预测模式,利用"全层位对比追踪解释"技术,结合地震属性分析、古地貌分析综合研究,对区内的生物礁有利相带进行了识别。在此基础上结合地震属性和相位属性,在生物礁发育有利相带内精细刻画生物礁体。Fng1井区内存在台地相、生物岩隆相、斜坡-海槽相,在生物岩隆相带内发育三排生物礁。这种多排礁带分布的研究成果打破了该区单一生物礁相带存在的认识,对于城口鄂西海槽西侧下一步钻探及勘探部署具有指导意义。     

Palaeoenvironmental changes from pollen record in deep sea core PC-1 from northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea during the past 24 ka

A pollen record of core PC-1 from the northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea （ECS）, provides information on vegetation and climate changes since 24 cal. kaBP. A total of 103 samples were palynologically analyzed at 8 cm intervals with a time resolution of 230 a. Four pollen zones are recognized： zone Ⅰ （812-715 cm, 24.2-21.1 cah kaBP）, zone Ⅱ （715-451 cm, 21.1-15.2 cah kaBP）, zone Ⅲ （451-251 cm, 15.2-0.8 cah kaBP）, zone Ⅳ （251-0 cm, 10.8-0.3 cal. kaBP）, corresponding to Late MIS 3, Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）, deglaciation and Holocene, respectively. The LGM is characterized by the dominance of herbs, mainly Artemisia, and high pollen influx, implying an open vegetation on the ex- posed continental shelf and a cool and dry climate. The deglaciation is a climate warming stage with Pinus percentage increased and Artemisia percentage decreased and a rapid sea-level rise. The Holocene is characterized by predominance of tree pollen with rapid increase in Castanea-Castanopsis indicating the development of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest and a warm, humid climate. Low pollen influx during the Holocene probably implies submergence of the continental shelf and retreat of the pollen source area. The vegetation indicated by pollen assemblage found in this upper zone is consistent with the present vegetation found in Kyushu, Japan. Originating from the humid mountain area of North Luzon of the Philippines, Tasmania and New Zealand, Phyllocladus with sporadic occurrence throughout PC-1 core probably suggests the influence of Palaeo-Kuroshio Current or intense summer monsoon. The observed changes in Pinus and Herbs percentage indicate fluctuations of the sea level, and high Pinus percentage corresponds to high sea level. Spectrum analysis of the pollen percentage record reveals many millennial-scale periodicities, such as periodicities of 6.8, 3.8, 2.2, 1.6 ka.     

冲绳海槽中部沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及其在古环境变化研究的应用

冲绳海槽巨厚的沉积物蕴藏着丰富的、长时间尺度的区域古海洋和古环境演化地质信息．对采自海槽中部的A7孔柱状沉积物进行了高分辨率的稀土元素、碳酸盐、常量元素组成的测试与分析,以深入探讨沉积物稀土元素组成对古环境变化的响应问题．结果表明,A7孔沉积物在球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分形式上与典型上陆壳物质非常相似,而与富火山灰层和小型浊流沉积存在明显差异．通过分析,认为冲绳海槽沉积物REEs组成主要是受陆源碎屑组分所控制的,与黏土组分含量相关性较大,但与沉积物的Fe—Mn组分含量关系较弱,同时受到生源组分的“稀释作用”,其REEs组成可以用于反映陆源物质来源及其输入过程的研究．排除火山灰和浊流沉积物质的影响,A7孔沉积物的REEs含量（∑REE,LREE,HREE）,LREE／HREE,（La／Yb）n,Eu／Eu＋等参数的垂向变化曲线在175cm层位表现出明显的差异．这一层位的沉积年龄为11．2cal．ka．BP,正好是冰后期和末次冰消期的转换期（LGIT）,表明在LGIT期间海槽内的沉积环境和陆源物质的来源发生了较大改变,而造成这种变化的最可能直接因素是东海海平面的快速上升（WMP-1B事件）造成的沉积格局改变,但与黑潮“摆动”和H1,YD事件等古气候与古海水因素的关系并不显著．研究结果证实,沉积物稀土元素组成及其特征参数的变化可作为研究长时间尺度（冰期-冰间期）冲绳海槽古环境变化的有效指标．     

马里亚纳海槽海底热液活动和热液硫化物研究

本文根据马里亚纳海槽海底热液活动和热液硫化物产状及矿物化学特征,探讨了存在的高温和中低温热液产物的矿物相及其赋存形式,认为是一种有别于大洋中脊和深断裂带的规模较小的海底热液活动类型.     

走进“科学”号

<正>作为目前国内最先进的海洋科学综合考察船,"科学"号有着"海上移动实验室"的美誉,是开展深远海综合科学考察研究的国家重大科技基础设施。前不久,"科学"号进行了首航,在冲绳海槽找到了活跃的热液喷口,引起了国人广泛的关注。那么,这是一艘什么样的船?它究竟先进在哪里?在"科学"号项目总工程师于建军的引领下,本刊记者走进了"科学"号,领略它的超凡之处。     

Gas seepage on the sea floor of Okinawa Trough Miyako Section

A marine geophysical survey was carried out,on the R/V Science 1 of the Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), in 2000, at the Miyako Section of Okinawa Trough. Here we present seismic and acoustic evidence of a gas seep on the sea floor on the western part of the Okinawa Trough, near the lower slope of the East China Sea Slope and discuss the possibility of related formation of gas hydrate. A gas column reflection was observed in echo-sounder data above a section where the sea floor reflector was missing, on both the echo-sounder and the seismic data for line H14. The seismic data also show an acoustic curtain reflection and a turbidity reflection at this section.These anomalies are the evidence of the existence of a gas seep, which occupies .an area 2.2 km in diameter. Based on the acoustic curtain on line H14, we believe that the amount of gas contained in the sediments below the gas seep is larger than 1% by volume of sediment. Tectonically, the gas seep developed in a small basin controlled by basement uplift in the north, south and east. The thickness of the sediment layer can be greater than 3.5 km. A mud diapir structure was found in layer D beneath the gas seep. Over-pressure may occur due to the large sediment thickness and also the tectonic basement uplift in the north, south, and east. The mud diapir could be the preferential pathway for methane-rich fluids. The acoustic curtain may indicate that free gas related to the gas seep can be formed on the sea floor. We also note that the layer above the acoustic curtain on profile H14 may contain gas hydrate.     

Geological records of marine environmental changes in the southern Okinawa Trough

Indexes of sediment grain size,sedimentation rates,geochemical composition,heavy,minerals,benthic foraminiferal fauna,indicator species of the Kuroshio Current,paleo-SST and carbonate dissolution of core E017 conformably suggest a great marine environmental change occurring at about 10.1-9.2cal.kaBP in the southern Okinawa Trough,which may correspond to the strengthening of the Kuroshio Warm Current and re-entering the Okinawa Trough through the sea area off northeast Taiwan.The invasion of Kuroshio current has experienced a process of gradual strengthening and then weakening,and its intensity became more fluctuation during the last 5000 years.Compared to the transition of sediment grain size,geochemical composition and heavy minerals,the foraminiferal faunas show a 900-year lag,which may indicate that the invasion of Kuroshio Current and the consequent sea surface and deep-water environmental chanages is a gradual process,and fauna has an obvious lag compared to environment altering.The carbonate dissolution of the Okinawa Trough has had an apparent strengthening since 9.2cal.kaBP,and reached a maximum in the late 3000 years,which may be caued by the deep-water environmental changes due to the invasion of Kuroshio Current.     

华北北部中晚元古代岩相古地理及其演化

本文探讨了华北北部中晚元古代的岩相古地理及其演化过程,认为中晚元古代本区经历了三个发展阶段,即长城系沉积时期的断陷海槽阶段、蓟县系沉积时期的强烈凹陷阶段和青白口系沉积时期的稳定陆表海阶段。在这一漫长的地质历史时期(距今1800～800百万年),华北北部经历了多次升降运动,多次海陆变迁,逐渐由相对活动状态转变为相对稳定状态。