高动态临近空间飞行器海上组网测控方案设计

为解决高动态临近空间飞行器海上测控对测量船数量需求较多、现有船队规模无法满足的难题,在分析测控需求特点的基础上,提出了一种基于测量船与临近空间飞艇组网测控的新模式。结合近中程、远程飞行试验分别进行了测控总体方案设计,并讨论了海上组网测控需要研究的关键技术。相关研究对我国后续开展高动态临近空间飞行器海上测控系统建设具有一定的参考价值。     

平流层通信新思路——谷歌气球计划

平流层通信具有低延迟、信道衰落小、造价低廉、机动灵活等特点,在军事应用和应急通信领域都有重要的战略价值,也曾经引起各国的重视,并成为研究热点。然而平流层通信平台的稳定性对各国研究者而言一直是一个挑战,谷歌公司从鸟群飞行中得到启发,开启了Google Loon项目,其目的是为全球偏远地区2/3人口提供速度较快、价格可承受的互联网接入服务,同时为自然灾害发生地区提供通信服务。文中分析了谷歌气球的技术细节,谷歌气球初次试验的情况,以及谷歌气球面临的挑战。谷歌气球计划为平流层通信提供了又一新思路。     

Study on the impact of polar stratospheric clouds on high resolution mid-IR limb emission spectra

Satellite observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the mid-infrared by high resolution limb emission spectrometers like the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding have been simulated. For particles with radius the scattered tropospheric radiance accounts for a significant part of the continuum signal and leads to absorption line features overlaid over the stratospheric emission spectrum. The scattered radiance shows a strong dependence on particle size up to about radius with a maximum around 3-4. The contribution of scattered radiation depends heavily on tropospheric cloud coverage and earth surface temperature. Distinction of PSCs of different composition is possible for small particles due to differences in the imaginary part of the refractive index. For particles with radii between 1 and the simulated spectra for various PSC compositions differ due to different real parts of the refractive index. For larger particles no distinction is possible any more. Solar radiance scattered by PSCs is important for wavenumbers larger than about . For a forward scattering geometry with 30° between the position of the sun and the limb viewing direction solar contribution exceeds the terrestrial scattered radiation by about a factor of 10.     

基于临近空间的目标探测及宽带通信

临近空间是未来军事装备体系发展的一个重要领域。在区域性应用中具有组网灵活、快速机动、定点不间断持续侦察和性价比高等优势。介绍了国内外对临近空间及临近空间飞行器的开发和研制情况,给出了基于临近空间的目标探测模式。通过论述平流层通讯体制,探讨了利用宽带数据链和多数据链融合技术构建临近空间传感器网络以支持协同探测的技术途径。     

平流层飞艇通信系统关键技术探讨

平流层飞艇通信系统同时具有微波中继和卫星通信的优点,可与地面控制单元、空中中继单元以及多种无线用户构成通信网络,已成为国内外的研究热点。国际电信联盟（ITU）已分配给高空通信系统47.2～47.5GHz和47.9～48.2GHz的工作频段。然而到目前为止,世界上还没有一款真正可以投入使用的平流层飞艇通信系统,飞艇平台和通信载荷方面均存在多个关键技术迫切需要解决。     

Preliminary Flight Test Program on Telecom and Broadcasting Using High Altitude Platform Stations

Telecommunication and broadcasting systems using radio-relay/base stations on board the high altitude platforms are expected to create the largest business market among its possible applications. They could also be integrated with satellite- and terrestrial-based systems in the future to construct the more powerful mobile and/or broadband networks. Prototype onboard equipment and ground equipment are being developed on schedule in the fixed, mobile, and broadcasting services. The performance of them will be demonstrated and evaluated in the preliminary flight tests planned in 2002 using alternative aerial vehicles: a helicopter, a jet, and a solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), before flight tests using the high altitude airships. This paper presents activity in Japan on the R&D of wireless access systems using high altitude platform stations and the detail of the preliminary flight test program. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A REVIEW OF POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUD FORMATION

Liquid and solid particles in polar stratospheric clouds （PSCs） have been known to play a crucial role in the chemical loss of stratospheric ozone over the Antarctic and Arctic regions in late winter and early spring. The stratospheric aerosol and cloud particles provide the sites where fast heterogeneous chemical reactions convert inactive halogen reservoir species into potential ozone destroying radicals. The sedimentation of nitric acid-containing PSC particles irreversibly removes HNO3 gas （denitrification） from the lower stratosphere, which slows the return of chlorine to its inactive forms, resulting in more severe stratospheric ozone destruction. Although these clouds have been investigated extensively during the past decade using in situ field observation, laboratory experiment and modeling studies, the detailed microphysics processes under cold stratospheric conditions are still uncertain. This paper reviews the recent advances in our understanding of PSCs.     

传感器即结构件关键技术及研究进展

传感器即结构件技术是研究超大面积轻质相控阵雷达与空天预警探测平台共形一体化集成的相关技术。由于传感器即结构件飞艇具有超强预警探测能力、极轻质、极低功耗、长工作寿命和机动性能灵活等优点,因此成为平流层预警探测的首选装备。介绍了平流层预警探测的需求和大孔径探测的理论依据,结合传感器即结构件技术的特点,阐述了该技术的项目背景、规划和研究进展,对其关键技术和未来发展趋势进行了分析讨论,并对我国传感器即结构件技术的规划和发展提出了建议。     

平流层飞艇平台光电侦察系统关键技术

平流层飞艇平台运行在距地面20km的高度,能够长期定点悬浮或者机动巡航,是一个良好的预警、监视、跟踪平台,光电侦察系统是未来平流层飞艇监视侦察装备的核心。简述了平流层遥感相对飞机平台和卫星平台的优点,根据平流层平台的特点,分析了平流层光电探测系统相对飞机平台光电系统在探测距离方面的优势。结合国外典型的光电侦察系统现状,介绍了光电侦察系统的组成和工作原理,并在现有光电侦察系统的基础上,对未来平流层平台光电侦察系统的关键技术进行了研究,给出了相应解决方案,可以为未来平流层光电侦察系统的设计方案提供参考。     

SQLite在飞艇监控中的应用与优化

为了提高飞艇测控中监视数据的管理水平,简化数据库操作的复杂度,提高数据存储和访问的速率,提出了在飞艇监控中使用轻量级数据库系统SQLite的方案。并针对监视系统中实时性要求高的特点,提出了四点SQLite性能优化策略,有效提高了SQLite数据库的访问速度。通过测试与连续试验表明,SQLite能够满足飞艇监控对数据实时存储及数据持久保存与管理的需求。该方案已经成功应用于某型号飞艇集成演示验证系统中。