离心泵快速启动过程外部特性的试验研究

介绍离心泵快速启动试验装置和试验方法,对一台出口直径为80 mm的小型管道离心泵进行试验研究,分别测试了试验泵的稳态性能和各项瞬态性能,比较分析了两者的区别。结果显示,启动过程中,离心泵的扬程紧跟转速到达最大值,转速稳定后的瞬态性能与稳态假设对应,流量和扬程的上升历程与管路阻力特性直接相关,而转速与其基本无关; 在启动初始阶段,无量纲扬程呈现很大值,继而迅速减小到低于稳态假设值,表现出明显的瞬态效应。     

An algorithm for the linear complementarity problem with upper and lower bounds

In this paper, we adapt the octahedral simplicial algorithm for solving systems of nonlinear equations to solve the linear complementarity problem with upper and lower bounds. The proposed algorithm generates a piecewise linear path from an arbitrarily chosen pointz ⁰ to a solution point. This path is followed by linear programming pivot steps in a system ofn linear equations, wheren is the size of the problem. The starting pointz ⁰ is left in the direction of one of the 2 ⁿ vertices of the feasible region. The ray along whichz ⁰ is left depends on the sign pattern of the function value atz ⁰. The sign pattern of the linear function and the location of the points in comparison withz ⁰ completely govern the path of the algorithm.This research is part of the VF-Program Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in Demand and Supply, approved by the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Den Haag, The Netherlands.     

不同启动加速度下离心泵瞬态水力性能的试验研究

为了研究离心泵在不同加速度下的启动特性,对一台小型离心泵进行启动试验研究.介绍了试验装置、数据测试方法以及不同加速度的调节方法.在测试模型泵的稳态性能和基本瞬态性能基础上,测试和分析了不同启动加速度对瞬态性能的影响.结果显示,启动过程中,在转速到达最大值附近,瞬态扬程明显小于准稳态预测值,且不同加速度下两者的偏离明显不同;并且在各加速度条件下,瞬态工况到达泵的最佳效率工况点后瞬态性能得到提高.     

基于混沌遗传算法的飞机高原滑跃起飞跑道优化设计

为了满足机场建设的复杂环境,提高飞机的作战性能、缩短飞机在机场起飞和着陆的距离是最行之有效的方法。针对飞机高原起飞滑跑距离过长的问题,在飞机高原斜坡滑跃起飞跑道优化设计中,引入了混沌遗传优化算法。选取某型飞机极限起飞重量作为设计输入,对高原斜坡滑跃跑道的参数进行了优化设计。该方法极大地提高了多变量设计方法的优化性能,使飞机起飞着陆的滑跑距离得到了明显的缩短。本文在常规的遗传算法优化无功中引入了混沌优化算法,该算法利用混沌变量产生群体的初始值,然后进行复制、交换与变异。计算结果表明,该算法可以显著提高计算效率．具有较大的实用价值。     

优化机组启动操作促进机组节能降耗

<国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要>提出了"十一五"期间单位国内生产总值能耗及主要污染物排放总量目标指标.作为耗能及排放大户的火力发电厂,以我国现有300MW直流锅炉运行概况.如何从机组启动操作、运行调整角度上进行优化,达到提高机组运行经济性、降低污染物排放量目标.     

Local Hartree–Fock orbitals using a three‐level optimization strategy for the energy

Using the three‐level energy optimization procedure combined with a refined version of the least‐change strategy for the orbitals—where an explicit localization is performed at the valence basis level—it is shown how to more efficiently determine a set of local Hartree–Fock orbitals. Further, a core–valence separation of the least‐change occupied orbital space is introduced. Numerical results comparing valence basis localized orbitals and canonical molecular orbitals as starting guesses for the full basis localization are presented. The results show that the localization of the occupied orbitals may be performed at a small computational cost if valence basis localized orbitals are used as a starting guess. For the unoccupied space, about half the number of iterations are required if valence localized orbitals are used as a starting guess compared to a canonical set of unoccupied Hartree–Fock orbitals. Different local minima may be obtained when different starting guesses are used. However, the different minima all correspond to orbitals with approximately the same locality. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

综合传动装置起动扭矩测试试验研究

低温环境起动性能是表征车辆动力性能的一项重要指标。对液力机械传动车辆而言,由于综合传动装置自身技术特点,改善车辆起动性能除应当考虑发动机自身起动阻力外,还应当考虑综合传动装置的起动阻力。在系统分析综合传动装置技术特点和功率流向的基础上,总结了发动机起动过程的主要特征,提出采用稳态试验与动态试验相结合的台架试验方法进行综合传动装置起动扭矩测试。以某高速履带车辆为研究对象,进行了综合传动装置起动扭矩测试。试验结果表明,传动油温的变化和各类油泵的功率消耗是决定综合传动装置起动扭矩大小的关键因素,为改进车辆总体设计和提高车辆起动性能提供了依据。     

高压电源的慢启动电路改进

针对经常性造成高压设备打火,影响发射机可靠性的某型号雷达发射机高压电源加高压瞬间电压过冲现象,深刻剖析原因,给出解决此问题的几种方案,对于栅控行波管发射机的高压电源的慢启动有借鉴意义.     

利用线性液膜的红外热像测定YBCO的湿法化学刻蚀启动时长

提出了一种测定YBCO(YBa2Cu3O7-x)高温超导薄膜湿法腐蚀启动时长的红外热像新方法。该方法的实质是利用YBCO腐蚀时必然有化学热吸收或释放,从而引起YBCO表面液膜温度变化这一特点,通过红外热像实时监测系统,采集液膜温度变化过程的红外热像,从而判断反应启动时长。理论分析和实验结果均表明,YBCO表面2 mm宽线性液膜是较为理想的监测对象,因其同时具备温度变化信息和空间分布信息,可以将线性液膜中心作为理想的观测特征点;由滑动腐蚀液滴形成残留线性液膜具有温度变化灵敏度高的特点,YBCO(衬底为LaAlO3)竖直放置,可以表面避免液膜重力对启动时长的影响,获得更为准确的监测数据。由线性液膜的横向剖面灰度变化得到在本实验条件下YBCO薄膜与体积比H3PO4∶H2O=1∶300腐蚀液的反应启动时长介于0.3~0.4 s之间。     

Two-Step High Order Starting Values for Implicit Runge–Kutta Methods

In this article a simple form of expressing and studying the order conditions to be satisfied by starting algorithms for Runge–Kutta methods, which use information from the two previous steps is presented. In particular, starting algorithms of highest order for Runge–Kutta–Gauss methods up to seven stages are derived. Some numerical experiments with Hamiltonian systems to compare the behaviour of the new starting algorithms with other existing ones are presented.