Supramolecular Assembly of Aminoethylene‐Lipopeptide PMO Conjugates into RNA Splice‐Switching Nanomicelles

Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are oligonucleotide analogs that can be used for therapeutic modulation of pre‐mRNA splicing. Similar to other classes of nucleic acid‐based therapeutics, PMOs require delivery systems for efficient transport to the intracellular target sites. Here, artificial peptides based on the oligo(ethylenamino) acid succinyl‐tetraethylenpentamine (Stp), hydrophobic modifications, and an azide group are presented, which are used for strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition conjugation with splice‐switching PMOs. By systematically varying the lead structure and formulation, it is determined that the type of contained fatty acid and supramolecular assembly have a critical impact on the delivery efficacy. A compound containing linolenic acid with three cis double bonds exhibits the highest splice‐switching activity and significantly increases functional protein expression in pLuc/705 reporter cells in vitro and after local administration in vivo. Structural and mechanistic studies reveal that the lipopeptide PMO conjugates form nanoparticles, which accelerate cellular uptake and that the content of unsaturated fatty acids enhances endosomal escape. In an in vitro Duchenne muscular dystrophy exon skipping model using H2K‐mdx52 dystrophic skeletal myotubes, the highly potent PMO conjugates mediate significant splice‐switching at very low nanomolar concentrations. The presented aminoethylene‐lipopeptides are thus a promising platform for the generation of PMO‐therapeutics with a favorable activity/toxicity profile.     

A simple technique for evaluation of transmission coefficient at the splice with angular offset and transverse offset for first higher mode propagation in graded index fibers

We present simple and accurate analytical expressions for transmission coefficient at the splice with angular offset and transverse offset in case of first higher mode propagation in graded index fibers. We employ the simple series expression for first higher order modal field for graded index fiber. The evaluation of the concerned parameters based on our formalism requires very little computations. Here, we show that our estimations match excellently well with the exact results in case of step and parabolic index fibers. Further, splice being highly tolerant for longitudinal separation, our analysis is judiciously restricted to the case of transverse and angular mismatches only. The analysis should find application in dual mode graded index fiber in all optical technology.     

分支光纤的接续施工法

本介绍了日本电力公司开发的一项新的分支光纤的接续施工法。     

模场直径对单模光纤接续损耗的影响

模场直径描述了单模光纤所传输的光能在光纤中的分布情况,对于单模光纤耦合和接续是一个很重要的参数。光纤中光能分布情况可用高斯公式描述。在这种情况下,我们可算出两根待接光纤的模场直径不同所引起的接续损耗。通过试验数据的分析,可以看出试验结果和理论计算较为接近。本文仅涉及模场直径对单模光纤接续损耗的影响。     

有线电视网络光纤资源管理

介绍了有线网络光纤资源管理方法,光缆接续表的标注和光缆接续图的绘制方法,将光缆网络路由图和设备分布情况与基础地图相叠加的方法,光纤资源管理系统实现方法及其在实际中的应用.     

An Overview of Mechanical Strength of Optical Fiber Fusion Splices: Examples of Fractographic Analysis of Break Causes

The theory and phenomena of mechanical strength of fusion splices are reviewed. An emphasis is placed on fractographic analysis of break causes. A variety of useful examples of splice breaks resulting from surface mechanical damage, various types of contamination, re-deposition of silica particles/thermal shock, and devitrification are shown. Special strength reduction issues related to emerging new splice types and splicing techniques, such as arc fusion splicing of heat sensitive fibers, prolonged pre- and post-heat treatment (for reducing splice losses of dissimilar fiber splices), and fire polishing, are discussed.     

同时存在横向位移和角度偏差时两平板光波导的连接损耗

用对称平板光波导基模场的高斯近似来计算同时存在横向位移、角度偏差以及波导参数不一样情况两单模平板波导的连接损耗，导出了非常简单的公式，同时也给出了数值计算的实例。     

大模场双包层光纤熔接的功率对准技术研究

为了提高高功率光纤激光器中大模场双包层光纤的熔接质量,采用NUFERN 20/400μm双包层光纤搭建了光功率对准系统,对大模场双包层光纤中存在包层光以及纤芯中只有基模和存在高阶模时光纤径向偏移与耦合效率的关系进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明,大模场双包层光纤中包层光和纤芯中高阶模的存在使耦合效率对径向偏移变化的敏感度降低,滤除包层光和高阶模后耦合效率随光纤径向偏移量呈高斯型变化; 使用光功率对准系统搭建千瓦级双端抽运激光系统,最大输出功率约1170W,光光转换效率约73%,光束质量约1.22,实现了千瓦级准单模输出。光功率对准技术能够实现待熔光纤的精确对准,对高功率光纤激光器输出性能的提升有重要意义。     

1 kW掺Yb全光纤放大器的散热处理

基于主振荡功率放大（MOPA）结构,搭建了千瓦级掺Yb全光纤放大器。最大泵浦功率为1496 W的条件下,获得了1024 W波长1.08μm的基模连续激光输出,光－光转换效率68.5％,光束质量M2＝1.24。对高功率连续光纤放大器中的热效应进行研究,并对于仅由于涂覆层的热损伤引起的功率极限给出了理论模拟。不同散热条件下,对掺Yb光纤横截面上径向的温度分布进行了模拟。通过对20／390μm无源光纤与20／400μm掺Yb光纤的熔接方式进行优化,解决了模拟结果与实验结果不一致的问题,并对该点的冷却进行了实验研究。最终,放大级泵浦光注入处熔接点表面最大温度不超过60℃。     

The geometric genus of splice-quotient singularities

We prove a formula for the geometric genus of splice-quotient singularities (in the sense of Neumann and Wahl). This formula enables us to compute the invariant from the resolution graph; in fact, it reduces the computation to that for splice-quotient singularities with smaller resolution graphs. We also discuss the dimension of the first cohomology groups of certain invertible sheaves on a resolution of a splice-quotient singularity.