纳米颗粒悬浮液池内泡状沸腾的实验研究

本文对纳米颗粒悬浮液在平壁面上池内沸腾进行了实验研究。实验用的纳米粒子为26 nm的铁粉和13 nm的三氧化二铝纳米粉末,基液为去离子水。分别配成体积浓度为0．1％, 1％和2％的悬浮液。实验结果表明,纳米悬浮颗粒对液体沸腾换热过程的影响会随着纳米颗粒性质,颗粒浓度及热流密度大小的不同而出现不同的效果;加入纳米颗粒后, 对基液沸腾换热的影响存在着两个相反的作用机制,它们分别为:纳米颗粒增强了液体内部的热量迁移能力(热物性的影响)和改变了加热面的表面结构特性(加热面特性的影响)。     

喷雾干燥-高温固相法制备纳米LiFePO4与LiFePO4/C材料及性能研究

采用喷雾干燥-高温固相法制备纳米LiFePO₄与LiFePO₄/C正极材料，用X-射线衍射，扫描电镜等对合成材料进行了表征，并对以LiFePO₄为正极的电池进行了电化学性能测试。结果表明:材料合成最佳煅烧温度为600 ℃;合成过程中由于碳对LiFePO₄晶型的生长有一定的抑制作用，相对于纯LiFePO₄材料，LiFePO₄/C材料粒径更小;并且，在此最佳合成温度下合成的LiF     

纳米镍-铁合金/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备、表征及其电磁屏蔽性能

The composites with nano-particles of Ni-Fe alloys dispersed on the nano-layers of expanded graphite (EG) were prepared by the impregnation of EG with ethanol solutions of nickel and iron acetates， followed by drying and reduction in H₂. The square nano-particles of Ni-Fe alloys with particle sizes of mainly 20～40 nm were found to be well spread on the layers of EG. The alloy nano-particles exhibited high shielding effectiveness (SE) for electromagnetic radiations at low frequencies due to their high magnetic conductivity. Since EG is electronically conductive and displayed high SE at high frequencies， the composites exhibited good SE at wide range of frequencies. The electric and magnetic conductivities of the composites could be monitored through regulating the loadings of alloy nano-particles on EG， and it was found that the composites with 20%～40% of the alloys exhibited good SE. Specifically， the composite 27%Ni-3%Fe-EG showed the excellent SE from 66 to 110 dB at the frequencies from 300 kHz to 1.5 GHz.     

Determination of traces of bismuth by quenching of solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorescence from morin-labeled silicon dioxide nano-particles

Silicon dioxide nano-particles, diameter 50 nm, containing morin (morin–SiO₂) have been synthesized by the sol–gel method. They emit strong and stable room-temperature phosphorescence (SS-RTP) on filter paper as substrate, and bismuth can quench the intensity of the SS-RTP. On this basis a new morin–SiO₂ solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorescence-quenching method has been established for determination of traces of bismuth. Reduction of phosphorescence intensity (I_p) is directly proportional to the concentration of bismuth in the working range 0.16–14.4 ag spot^–1 (sample volume 0.40 L spot^–1, corresponding to the concentration range 0.40–36.0 fg mL^–1). The regression equation of the working curve is I_p=14.86+5.279×[Bi³⁺] (ag spot^–1) (n=6, r=0.9982). The detection limit of this method is 0.026 ag spot^–1 (corresponding to a concentration of 6.5×10^–17 g mL^–1).This sensitive, reproducible and accurate method has been used for successful analysis of real samples.     

以偏钛酸为原料常压水热法合成纳米钛酸锶

以廉价的工业级偏钛酸和氯化锶为原料,用常压水热法于100℃反应6 h一步合成了纳米钛酸锶。当n(SrC l2)∶n(H3TiO3)=1.0∶1.1,pH=12时,所得钛酸锶的n(Ti)∶n(Sr)=1.02∶1.00。纳米钛酸锶经IR,XRD和TEM表征。结果显示,钛酸锶为球形粒子,属立方晶系(a=3.9200);一次粒径平均值为22 nm,粒径分布为20 nm~40 nm,无明显团聚。     

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis by nano-structured iron catalyst

Effects of nanoscale iron oxide particles on textural structure, reduction, carburization and catalytic behavior of precipitated iron catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) are investigated. Nanostructured iron catalysts were prepared by microemulsion method in two series. Firstly, Fe2O3, CuO and La2O3 nanoparticles were prepared separately and were mixed to attain Fe/Cu/La nanostructured catalyst (sep-nano catalyst); Secondly nanostructured catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation in a water-in-oil microemulsion method (mix-nano catalyst). Also, conventional iron catalyst was prepared with common co-precipitation method. Structural characterizations of the catalysts were performed by TEM, XRD, H2 and CO-TPR tests. Particle size of iron oxides for sep-nano and mix-nano catalysts, which were determined by XRD pattern (Scherrer equation) and TEM images was about 20 and 21.6 nm, respectively. Catalyst evaluation was conducted in a fixed-bed stainless steel reactor and compared with conventional iron catalyst. The results revealed that FTS reaction increased while WGS reaction and olefin/paraffin ratio decreased in nanostructured iron catalysts.     

基于科学核心观念建构的高中化学创新实验研究——以“多彩氧化亚铜纳米粒子的制备”为例

介绍了基于科学核心观念建构下制备多彩氧化亚铜纳米粒子的学生实验。利用葡萄糖还原班氏试剂的方法制备了氧化亚铜纳米粒子,并观察和讨论了不同条件下制备的粒子的颜色和粒径。整个实验安全、简单、现象明显、试剂用量少。本研究通过让学生参与科研的全过程,培养了学生的创新能力,促进了科学核心观念的建构。     

共沉淀法制备纳米多晶La2／3Sr1／3MnO3及其低场磁电阻性质

利用共沉淀法制备了纳米多晶La2/3Sr1/3MnO3粉体,并研究了相应烧结陶瓷的相结构、显微形貌、电性质以及磁电阻效应.样品中存在高密的晶界,对电子的疏运过程产生明显的散射作用,从而使得样品具有较大的电阻值,并且只有当烧结温度大于800℃时才出现金属绝缘体温度相变.样品的磁电阻是低场磁电阻效应,源于晶界处电子的自旋极化隧穿.烧结温度越低的样品,其磁电阻越大.     

Cu-Bi纳米粉体的制备及其可见光光催化性能研究

以Cu（NO3）2、Bi（NO3）3、COfNH）2为原料,聚乙二醇（PEG）为分散剂,采用均匀共沉淀法制备了Cu-Bi催化剂,用X-射线粉末衍射法、能量色散法、透射电镜和紫外－可见漫反射光谱法对催化剂的组成、粒径大小、表面形貌和光学吸收性能进行了详细表征,并以酸性大红和亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,考察了所制备的Cu－Bi催化剂在可见光下的光催化性能。实验结果表明,该催化剂为类球形纳米粉体,粒度均匀,粒径约50nm。在可见光作用下,该催化剂对酸性大红和亚甲基蓝均表现出良好的光催化性能,且在240min前,对酸性大红的降解率要优于亚甲基蓝;240min后则两者的降解效果相近。     

Preparation of Porous Protein-Based Hydogel for Highly Sensitive Protein Chips

Summary: Protein chips are important tools for high-throughput analysis of biological events. We have developed a novel method to prepare a protein-based hydrogel, that is, a “Three-Dimensional Nano-structured Protein Hydrogel” (3-D NPH), which is composed of protein and polymer nano-particles. The 3-D NPH could be easily prepared by dispensing a protein and polymer mixture on a substrate. Surprisingly, gold particles conjugated with protein A diffused into the 3-D NPH which was made of mouse IgG through the pores. We have shown that the protein chips made with our 3-D NPH method has tremendously improved sensitivity in detecting protein-protein interactions compared with that of direct protein immobilization methods.