Lysosome‐targeted potent half‐sandwich iridium(III) α‐diimine antitumor complexes

Fifteen organometallic Ir(III) half‐sandwich complexes ( 1A – 5C ) having the general formula [(η⁵‐Cp^x)Ir(N^N)Cl]PF₆ (Cp^x = Cp*, tetramethyl(phenyl)cyclopentadienyl (Cp^xph) or tetramethyl(biphenyl)cyclopentadienyl (Cp^xbiph); N^N = diamine) have been synthesized and characterized. The molecular structure of 1A was determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The hydrolysis of 1A – 5C was monitored using UV–visible spectra. Complexes 3A – 3C showed catalytic activity for the oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺, where 3C showed the highest turnover number of 29.9 within 450 min. Cytotoxicity examination by MTT assay was carried out against two human cancer cell lines (HeLa and A549) after 24 or 48 h drug treatment. The complexes showed high potency, where the most potent complex ( 3C ; IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM) was six times more active than cisplatin against A549 cells after 24 h drug exposure. Cytotoxic potency towards A549 cells increased with phenyl substitution on Cp ring: Cp^xbiph > Cp^xph > Cp*. In addition, the biological studies showed that 3C caused cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G₁ phase in A549 cancer cells. Moreover, 3C increased the level of reactive oxygen species markedly after 24 h, which may provide an important basis for killing cancer cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to track 3C in A549 cells. The cellular localization experiment showed that 3C targeted lysosomes and caused lysosomal damage.     

Development of Lysosome-Targeted Fluorescent Probes for Cys by Regulating the Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Molecular Structure

Our previous discovery suggested that substituents on the 1,7 positions delicately modulate the sensing ability of the meso-arylmercapto boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) to biothiols. In this work, the impact of delicate modulations on the sensing ability is investigated. Therefore, 1,7-dimethyl, 3,5-diaryl substituted BODIPY is designed and developed and its conformationally restricted species with a meso-arylmercapto moiety ( DM-BDP-SAr and DM-BDP-R-SAr ) as selective fluorescent probes for Cys. Moreover, the lysosome-target probes ( Lyso-S and Lyso-D ) based on DM-BDP-SAr carrying one or two morpholinoethoxy moieties were developed. They were able to detect Cys selectively in vitro with low detection limits. Both Lyso-S and Lyso-D localized nicely in lysosomes in living HeLa cells and exhibited red fluorescence for Cys. Moreover, a novel fluorescence quenching mechanism was proposed from the calculations by density functional theory (DFT). The probes may go through intersystem crossing (from singlet excited state to triplet excited state) to result in fluorescence quenching.     

人淋巴结弓形虫病二例电镜观察

本文报道人淋巴结弓形虫病二例,淋巴结受弓形虫感染后常表现为慢性淋结炎,临床表现及病理改变易与恶性淋巴瘤相混而需仔细鉴别。ＴＥＭ观察所见淋巴结中巨噬细胞胞质内弓形虫滋养体的超微结构是确诊的依据,并对本病的预防作了讨论。     

吡咯腙对溶酶体中Hg2+的荧光成像

合成了一种新的吡咯腙探针1,用于Hg²⁺的比色和荧光开启检测。探针1对Hg²⁺的检测限为45 nmol·L^-1,缔合常数为5.78×10⁸ L·mol^-1。值得注意的是,工作pH范围为4.0~10.0。Job曲线和MS数据证实探针与Hg²⁺形成1:1的配合物。通过¹H NMR、时间分辨荧光光谱和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算系统研究了探针与Hg²⁺的配位模式。此外,由于吗啉基团的存在,探针可以检测HeLa细胞溶酶体中的Hg²⁺。     

大鳍鳠卵发生中溶酶体超微结构变化与卵膜发生

大鳍鳠卵细胞发生中的溶酶体结构变化活跃,Ⅰ期卵原细胞胞质内可见线粒体、高尔基体和少量呈球状的初级溶酶体。Ⅱ期卵母细胞胞质内可见多个球状溶酶体,溶酶体内的水解酶蛋白呈结晶态,多紧贴线粒体部分分布。卵母细胞质膜绉缩,胞质边缘可见大量球状和线状溶酶体分布。Ⅲ期卵母细胞内侧出现绒毛状卵膜结构,外侧出现“放射带”,球状的初级溶酶体结构消失,绒毛状卵膜与放射带之间可见大量线状溶酶体结构。推测球状溶酶体和线粒体间接参与了卵母细胞质膜的绉缩位移;而线状溶酶体则可能直接参与了绒毛状卵膜和“放射带”结构的形成。     

An Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting Type I Photosensitizer for Effective Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor Cells

Organelle-targeted type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows great potential to overcome the hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an indispensable organelle in cells with important biological functions. When the ER is damaged due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the accumulation of misfolded proteins will interfere with ER homeostasis, resulting in ER stress. Here, an ER-targeted benzophenothiazine-based photosensitizer NBS-ER was presented. ER targeting modification significantly reduced the dark toxicity and improved phototoxicity index (PI). NBS-ER could effectively produce O₂⁻⋅ with near-infrared irradiation, making its phototoxicity under hypoxia close to that under normoxia. Meanwhile, the photoinduced ROS triggered ER stress and induced apoptosis. In addition, NBS-ER possessed excellent photodynamic therapeutic effect in 4T1-tumor-bearing mice.     

吡咯腙对溶酶体中Hg2+的荧光成像

合成了一种新的吡咯腙探针1,用于Hg²⁺的比色和荧光开启检测。探针1对Hg²⁺的检测限为45 nmol·L^-1,缔合常数为5.78×10⁸ L·mol^-1。值得注意的是,工作pH范围为4.0~10.0。Job曲线和MS数据证实探针与Hg²⁺形成1∶1的配合物。通过1H NMR、时间分辨荧光光谱和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算系统研究了探针与Hg²⁺的配位模式。此外,由于吗啉基团的存在,探针可以检测HeLa细胞溶酶体中的Hg²⁺。     

吡咯腙对溶酶体中Hg2+的荧光成像

合成了一种新的吡咯腙探针1，用于Hg²⁺的比色和荧光开启检测。探针1对Hg²⁺的检测限为45 nmol·L^-1，缔合常数为5.78×10⁸ L·mol^-1。值得注意的是，工作pH范围为4.0~10.0。Job曲线和MS数据证实探针与Hg²⁺形成1∶1的配合物。通过1H NMR、时间分辨荧光光谱和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算系统研究了探针与Hg²⁺的配位模式。此外，由于吗啉基团的存在，探针可以检测HeLa细胞溶酶体中的Hg²⁺。     

Reversible and Selective Fluorescence Detection of Histidine Using a Naphthalimide‐Based Chemosensing Ensemble

We described a new ensemble‐approach‐based chemosensor, NCH‐Cu²⁺, for highly selective and reversible detection of histidine (His) in aqueous solution and live cells. The ligand NCH exhibited specific binding with Cu²⁺ ions over other metal ions, accompanied with a 92.2 % fluorescence quenching. The decomplexation of NCH‐Cu²⁺ ensemble by His led to the liberation of the fluorophore, NCH, and thus the fluorescence was recovered. The specific fluorescence enhancement of NCH‐Cu²⁺ towards His showed a good linearity with a detection of limit at 70 nm . Quantification of intracellular His at the single cell level was achieved by microscopy and flow cytometry. Besides the UV/Vis and emission titration, reversibility of the NCH‐Cu²⁺ towards His was further confirmed by imaging and cytometry analysis. In addition, microscopy studies revealed that NCH‐Cu²⁺ was distributed in the lysosome of live cells, where it could be employed as a fluorescent biosensor for imaging of His at subcellular level.