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排序方式: 共有385条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Bin Feng Xin Jiang Guisheng Zou Wengan Wang Tianming Sun Heng Yang Guanlei Zhao Mingye Dong Yu Xiao Hongwei Zhu Lei Liu 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(29):2102359
The realization of liquid metal-based wearable systems will be a milestone toward high-performance, integrated electronic skin. However, despite the revolutionary progress achieved in many other components of electronic skin, liquid metal-based flexible sensors still suffer from poor sensitivity due to the insufficient resistance change of liquid metal to deformation. Herein, a nacre-inspired architecture composed of a biphasic pattern (liquid metal with Cr/Cu underlayer) as “bricks” and strain-sensitive Ag film as “mortar” is developed, which breaks the long-standing sensitivity bottleneck of liquid metal-based electronic skin. With 2 orders of magnitude of sensitivity amplification while maintaining wide (>85%) working range, for the first time, liquid metal-based strain sensors rival the state-of-art counterparts. This liquid metal composite features spatially regulated cracking behavior. On the one hand, hard Cr cells locally modulate the strain distribution, which avoids premature cut-through cracks and prolongs the defect propagation in the adjacent Ag film. On the other hand, the separated liquid metal cells prevent unfavorable continuous liquid-metal paths and create crack-free regions during strain. Demonstrated in diverse scenarios, the proposed design concept may spark more applications of ultrasensitive liquid metal-based electronic skins, and reveals a pathway for sensor development via crack engineering. 相似文献
2.
Luca Cimbaro 《哲学杂志》2019,99(12):1499-1514
A unified theory captures both brittle and ductile fracture. The fracture toughness is proportional to the applied stress squared and the length of the crack. For purely brittle solids, this criterion is equivalent to Griffith's theory. In other cases, it provides a theoretical basis for the Irwin-Orowan formula. For purely ductile solids, the theory makes direct contact with the Bilby-Cottrell-Swinden model. The toughness is highest in ductile materials because the shielding dislocations in the plastic zone provide additional resistance to crack growth. This resistance is the force opposing dislocation motion, and the Peach-Koehler force overcomes it. A dislocation-free zone separates the plastic zone from and the tip of the crack. The dislocation-free zone is finite because molecular forces responsible for the cohesion of the surfaces near the crack tip are not negligible. At the point of crack growth, the length of the dislocation-free zone is constant and the shielding dislocations advance in concert. As in Griffith's theory, the crack is in unstable equilibrium. The theory shows that a dimensionless variable controls the elastoplastic behaviour. A relationship for the size of the dislocation-free zone is derived in terms of the macroscopic and microscopic parameters that govern the fracture. 相似文献
3.
Inflation of balloons provides a straightforward way of achieving large biaxial deformations. Previous studies have shown that when a balloon bursts, crack propagation occurs at very high speed – much higher than would be expected from the low strain modulus and elastic wave velocity of the rubber. The present paper is concerned with studies of the deformation and fracture of cylindrical balloons. On inflation, the deformations of such a balloon pass through an unstable region but subsequently increase monotonically with pressure. In this relatively high pressure region, the ratio of the longitudinal and circumferential extension ratios is broadly in accord with expectations from high-strain elasticity theory when the ratio of the corresponding stresses is taken into account. On bursting, crack speeds up to around 300 m/s in this region. It is shown that these speeds are in accord with large increase in incremental moduli for the highly-strained rubber. Marked changes in crack tip profile observed at very high crack speeds are consistent with control of the rate of growth by inertia rather than by the viscoelastic properties of the rubber (as is believed to be the case at lower speeds). Consistent with this, various elastomers having different glass transition temperatures show similar crack growth behaviour in the very high speed region. 相似文献
4.
Based on the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique, a new method is proposed to deal with the problem of the strongly interacted multiple cracks in an infinite plate. Unlike the Kachanov method which neglects the interaction of the tractions of the non-uniform components, the tractions of the non-uniform components on the surfaces of cracks are considered through the alternating technique. The accuracy and efficiency of present method are validated by comparing the results of two collinear and two parallel overlapped open the cracks obtained by the present method with those of the exact solutions, the results of the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique. Applications of present method in solving sliding close crack problems and evaluating the plastic zones demonstrate the versatility of present method. 相似文献
5.
6.
In the present paper, the effective elastic moduli of an inhomogeneous medium with cracks are derived and obtained by taking
into account its microstructural properties which involve the shape, size and distribution of cracks and the interaction between
cracks. Numerical results for the periodic microstructure of different dimensions are presented. From the results obtained,
it can be found that the distribution of cracks has a significant effect on the effective elastic moduli of the material.
The project supported by the National Education Committee for Doctor 相似文献
7.
Hong-yu Li Zhi-qiang Chen Hai-qiao Wang Bo Meng Xiao-yu Li 《高分子科学》2007,(2):217-220
Ordered macroporous titania photonic crystals (PCs) and photonic balls were fabricated by functional modified polymer colloidal crystals. The TiO2 PCs and balls formed through this method exhibit no cracks and lacunae in large areas on their surface and their inner structures. 相似文献
8.
激光熔覆金属陶瓷涂层开裂的机理及防止措施 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
在总结国内外激光熔覆金属陶瓷涂层开裂研究现状的基础上,分析了裂纹的形成机理,从激光处理工艺和参数选择、熔覆层成分及基体形状的设计等方面阐述了裂纹行为的影响因素及相应的防止措施,最后展望了其发展前景. 相似文献
9.
We present an extensive experimental study and scaling analysis of friction of gelatin gels on glass. At low driving velocities,
sliding occurs via propagation of periodic self-healing slip pulses whose velocity is limited by collective diffusion of the
gel network. Healing can be attributed to a frictional instability occurring at the slip velocity V = V
c. For V > V
c, sliding is homogeneous and friction is ruled by the shear-thinning rheology of an interfacial layer of thickness of order
the (nanometric) mesh size, containing a solution of polymer chain ends hanging from the network. In spite of its high degree
of confinement, the rheology of this system does not differ qualitatively from known bulk ones. The observed ageing of the
static friction threshold reveals the slow increase of adhesive bonding between chain ends and glass. Such structural ageing
is compatible with the existence of a velocity-weakening regime at velocities smaller than V
c, hence with the existence of the healing instability.
Received: 7 March 2003 / Accepted: 2 May 2003 / Published online: 11 June 2003
RID="b"
ID="b"e-mail: ronsin@gps.jussieu.fr 相似文献
10.
Ioan R. Ionescu Darko Volkov 《Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics》2008,220(1-2):143-162
We study in this paper an eigenvalue problem (of Steklov type), modeling slow slip events (such as silent earthquakes, or earthquake nucleation phases) occurring on geological faults. We focus here on a half space formulation with traction free boundary condition: this simulates the earth surface where displacements take place and can be picked up by GPS measurements. We construct an appropriate functional framework attached to a formulation suitable for the half space setting. We perform an asymptotic analysis of the solution with respect to the depth of the fault. Starting from an integral representation for the displacement field, we prove that the differences between the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions attached to the half space problem and those attached to the free space problem, is of the order of d-2, where d is a depth parameter: intuitively, this was expected as this is also the order of decay of the derivative of the Green's function for our problem. We actually prove faster decay in case of symmetric faults. For all faults, we rigorously obtain a very useful asymptotic formula for the surface displacement, whose dominant part involves a so called seismic moment. We also provide results pertaining to the analysis of the multiplicity of the first eigenvalue in the line segment fault case. Finally we explain how we derived our numerical method for solving for dislocations on faults in the half plane. It involves integral equations combining regular and Hadamard's hypersingular integration kernels. 相似文献