高层印制线路板正面临的对位挑战

封装工业正在推动着印制线路板技术水平朝着半导体要求的方向发展。高密度印制线路板正广泛用于网络路由器、自动测试设备和服务器领域。高密度要求(>150 IO/cm~2)正成为客户的普通需求。为满足现有的高密度封装要求,由于线宽、线距和通孔孔径正接近传统制作极限,普遍的方法就是不断增加印制线路板的层数。这些特征正驱动着印制线路板在基材、图像转移、蚀刻、电镀、阻焊、测试流程和对位系统的变化。此文主要讲述了印制线路板特性的变化趋势和利用对位模式和雷利分布去预测满足高级对位要求的能力以及印制线路板各流程中有关对准度的控制要点。     

Computing the Kekulé structure count for alternant hydrocarbons

A fast computer algorithm brings computation of the permanents of sparse matrices, specifically, molecular adjacency matrices. Examples and results are presented, along with a discussion of the relationship of the permanent to the Kekulé structure count. A simple method is presented for determining the Kekulé structure count of alternant hydrocarbons. For these hydrocarbons, the square of the Kekulé structure count is equal to the permanent of the adjacency matrix. In addition, for alternant structures the adjacency matrix for N atoms can be written in such a way that only an N/2 × N/2 matrix need be evaluated. The Kekulé structure count correlates with topological indices. The inclusion of the number of cycles improves the fit. When comparing with previous results, the variance decreases 74%. The calculated standard heat of formation correlates with the logarithm of the Kekulé structure count. This heat increments 349 kJ/mol each time the Kekulé structure count increases by one order of magnitude. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002     

用倒计时法实现一定时间间隔的测量

针对被检交流稳压电源输出频率稳定度测试,即测试输出频率随时间的变化情况,本文充分开发和利用LabVIEW 8.5开发环境中已用时间函数,采用倒计时显示剩余时间的方法,设计了实现任意设置时间间隔内,对同一被测对象进行多次测量、数据处理、存盘的程序.该程序简单实用,提高了检定系统的自动化程度,对使用者带来极大的方便,具有较高的应用、借鉴价值.     

A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Muon Count in UHECR Extensive Air-Showers

The main goal of this work is to adapt a Physics problem to the Machine Learning (ML) domain and to compare several techniques to solve it. The problem consists of how to perform muon count from the signal registered by particle detectors which record a mix of electromagnetic and muonic signals. Finding a good solution could be a building block on future experiments. After proposing an approach to solve the problem, the experiments show a performance comparison of some popular ML models using two different hadronic models for the test data. The results show that the problem is suitable to be solved using ML as well as how critical the feature selection stage is regarding precision and model complexity.     

The versatility of pentalene coordination to transition metals: a density functional theory investigation

DFT calculations with full geometry optimization have been carried out on a series of real and hypothetical compounds of the type [CpM(C8H6)], [(CO)3M(C8H6)], [M(C8H6)2], [(CpM)2(C8H6)], [[(CO)3M]2(C8H6)], and [M2(C8H6)2] (M = transition metal). The bonding in all the currently known compounds is rationalized, as well as in the (so far) hypothetical stable complexes. Depending on the electron count and the nature of the metal(s), eta2 (predicted), eta3, eta5, eta8, or intermediate coordination modes can be adopted. In the case of the mononuclear species, the most favored closed-shell electron counts are 18 and 16 metal valence electrons (MVE). In the case of the dinuclear species, an electron count of 34 MVEs is most favored. However, other electron counts can be stabilized, especially in the case of dinuclear complexes. Coordinated pentalene should most often be considered as formally being a dianion, but sometimes as a neutral ligand. In the former case it can behave as an aromatic species made of two equivalent fused rings, as a C5 aromatic ring connected to an allylic anion, or even as two allylic anions bridged by a C7=C8 double bond. In the latter case, it can behave as a bond-alternating cyclic polyene or as a C5 aromatic ring connected to an allylic cation.     

伽马信号测量仪器电路设计及应用

本文介绍了闭环负反馈设计高压电路,高压电路为伽马管提供电源,利用辅CPU对伽马信号进行计数采集,并将计数值发送给主CPU并通过总线上传,该系统电路简单,器件减少,结构紧凑,集成度高,进步提高电路的有效性,有效地降低噪声干扰.     

Anchor‐free distance estimation: A new approach to distance estimation for multihop ad hoc wireless networks

In ad hoc wireless networks, devices that normally cannot directly communicate route their messages through intermediate nodes. The number of those nodes is called hop count, a useful metric in estimating the distance between 2 nodes. Current methods usually depend on special nodes, called anchors, that need accurate localization information, in order to calculate an estimate for the average distance traversed per hop. The drawback of this approach is that anchor nodes increase the overall cost and complexity of the system. To address this problem, this letter proposes a novel, anchor node–free algorithm that can achieve a useful estimate for actual distance between 2 nodes, by analytically finding an estimate for the average maximum distance traveled per hop and multiplying with the hop count. The only requirement is the a priori knowledge of the networks' node density and the node range. The performance of our method is compared with a recent anchor node–based method and is shown to yield similar location estimation accuracy, despite the fact that it does not use anchor nodes.     

应用网络分析法分析正比计数管输出电压

研究了将正比计数管等效为电流源后,应用时域分析中常用的卷积积分的方法,分析含正比计数管的网络的输出电压.此法不但有利于通过网络分析的概念理解这一物理过程,而且便于计算正比计数管的输出电压或电流.所得的输出电压的表达式与应用其他方法所得出的结果相同,因此可根据输出电压的波形与电路时间常数的关系,选择时间常数以确定输出脉冲宽度,使正比计数管适用于不同的计数率.     

正确认识和对待GDP值

丈章概述了国民砬济生产总值的数量与质量的关系，要从质量上来提高GDP值。     

满足高性能多层印制板的设计

如今PCB不仅仅是简单担当起一个电子互连的角色。就它自身的合适与否来说,它是一个涉及多方面的、专门的组件。为了能够满足复杂、高速PCB组件的降干扰、增加抗干扰能力,以及改善和提高信号的质量,一个设计团队扮演着非常重要的角色。