The high-temperature durability of Rh-free threeway catalysts used for automoble emission control

The high-temperature durability of cordierite honeycomb Rh-free three-way catalysts (TWC) containing additives has been studied by calcining catalysts at various temperatures in the interval of 600≈1100°C. The three-way performances of these catalysts were evaluated for the reaction of carbon monoxide(CO), hydrocarbon(HC) and nitrogen oxides(NOx) at given conditions by using a fixed bed reactor. The results show that after Rh-free TWC are thermally aged in air at 1100°C for 5h and 950°C for 104 h, the TWC still have better three-way activity compared with Rh-containing TWC.     

Trace elemental determination in alcohol automotive fuel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Suitable analytical methodologies were developed allowing direct determination of As, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sb and Sn in alcohol fuel samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Different chemical modification approaches were tested and compared in terms of analytical performance and in practical terms. Experimental conditions were optimized allowing little sample dilution and use of calibration curves prepared with aqueous inorganic analyte standards. Methodologies were tested with analyte spiked alcohol samples. Good analyte recoveries from spiked alcohol samples, precision better than 10% and limits of detection in the sub μg l⁻¹ range were achieved.     

汽车滚装码头泊位调度优化模型与算法研究

本文研究滚装码头混合泊位分配和劳动力分配的联合调度优化问题。首先,考虑潮汐时间窗约束、装卸劳动力约束、泊位缆桩分布约束以及泊位不规则布局因素,建立以最小化船舶总服务时间为目标的混合整数规划模型。其次,采用内外嵌套算法设计策略,提出求解该类问题的组合算法。其中,外层是多种群并行进化的遗传算法,生成多种船舶计划顺序,内层为基于规则的启发式算法,用于计算给定计划顺序的目标函数值。然后,基于实际运营数据,生成多组不同规模的算例进行全面数值实验,结果表明所提出的算法可在10分钟内求解包含50艘船、100个泊段的算例。最后,开展基于真实滚装码头运营实例的案例分析,对所提模型和算法在实际码头调度问题中的适用性与高效性进行验证。     

On the use of AES data analysis to determine local enrichments of conversion coating elements at intermetallic particles on rolled Al

In this paper, the behaviour of the industrial applied Ti/Zr conversion coating (CC) pretreatment on rolled automotive aluminium samples (AA5182) is analysed. Due to its nanometre lateral and depth resolution, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) is used to analyse the CC distribution at surface cathodic intermetallic particles. As a result of its high surface sensitivity, the AES technique is very susceptible to differences in the top contamination layer thickness. It is demonstrated that AES point measurements performed on aluminium model samples coated with 1.5 and 3 nm of Ti (oxide) layer cannot differentiate the two-layer thicknesses if a difference in the top contamination thickness is not taken into account. A data analysis methodology is introduced, based on the ratio of normalized peak areas (enrichment ratios), to eliminate the effect of the contamination layer thickness. The experimental validation of the methodology is performed on the model samples, demonstrating errors of 2% on the enrichment ratios on similar samples with different contamination layer thicknesses, while the conventional spectra quantification results in errors of 49%. The methodology is also theoretically substantiated within certain constraints. By the use of the AES methodology, an enriched Ti and Zr deposition is confirmed at the cathodic intermetallic particles at the surface of the industrial no-rinse CC sprayed automotive aluminium sheet samples.     

铁基分子筛活性位点的制备控制及对NH3-SCR活性的影响

采用离子交换法,通过不同制备条件制备Fe-beta分子筛,并探讨不同制备条件对催化剂活性位点和NH3-SCR活性的影响。通过UV-Vis分析,将不同位置的吸收峰归属于不同的铁活性位点,300nm以下的高能谱区可以归属于孤立的Fe3+位点,300nm-400nm间归属于低聚的FexOy簇,而400nm以上为Fe2O3大颗粒聚合物。对比不同催化剂的SCR活性发现,孤立的Fe3+和低聚态的Fe3+是主要的活性位点,这两种物种的所占比例高低直接影响了催化剂的活性。而大尺度的Fe2O3为非活性位点,因尽量控制并降低其所占比例。另外低聚态的Fe3+所占比例越高,N2O的生成量越高,N2的选择性越差。因此,在制备过程中,除了控制大尺度的Fe2O3的含量,同时要尽量降低低聚态的Fe3+的含量,以增加N2的选择性。采用离子交换法制备Fe-beta催化剂,pH、交换温度、前驱体种类、硅铝比、煅烧条件等制备条件会对Fe-beta的活性位点造成影响,从而导致活性差异。根据实际应用需求,调控制备条件,可有效控制活性物种的分布,制备具有高效NH3-SCR活性的铁基分子筛催化剂。     

77 GHz汽车角雷达宽波束平坦增益阵列天线设计

设计了一款基于波束赋形技术的宽波束、平坦增益平面阵列天线,用于汽车角雷达系统.该阵列天线由三个1×10串馈线阵组成,串馈线阵采用单元不等间距分布的Dolph-Chebyshev天线综合法进行设计以降低副瓣.为了满足汽车角雷达宽视场角(field of view,FOV)的需求,对平面阵列天线采用波束赋形技术以展宽方位面...     

基于脉宽调制器SG3525的一种新型车载电源设计

介绍了一种新型的基于脉宽调制器SG3525芯片的车载电源的设计.给出了车载电源设计的系统结构图,并分析了其中主要部分的功能.脉宽调制器SG3525具有欠压锁定、系统故障关闭、软起动、延时PWM驱动等功能,因而得到广泛应用.该电源利用脉宽调制器芯片SG3525产生正弦脉宽调制信号,实现了由直流12V到交流220V/50Hz的转换.     

EN55025:2008与EN55025:2003的差异

通过介绍EN 55025:2008版与EN 55025:2003版的差异,说明EN 55025:2008版标准在测量范围、测量方法、合格性判定以及供电电源电压范围等方面的新要求.     

带有天线转换开关的车用毫米波雷达

车用雷达作为汽车防碰撞系统以及自适应巡航控制系统的关键组成部件之一,拥有广阔的市场前景。但由于造价高昂,体积偏大而一直没有得到广泛的应用。带有天线转换开关的毫米波雷达,通过两个模拟开关分别控制3个发射天线和3个接收天线,在获得了超过20°的水平方位探测角以及小于2°的方位分辨率的同时,有效地降低了雷达的造价,减小了雷达的体积。     

发动机用PCB的失效分析研究

PCB广泛用于集成电路生产业的各个方面,汽车发动机用PCB要求较高的可靠性。面对热循环失效的汽车动力系统的构件,不要急于取下所有元件,应先对失效点表面进行外观检查和EDX分析,再进行带元件的切片分析和SEM分析,确认各个点的IMC是否正常,以找出真正的失效原因。