Sufficient Utilization of Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+ Redox in NASICON Phosphate Cathodes towards High-Energy Na-Ions Batteries

Na superionic conductor of Na₃MnTi(PO₄)₃ only containing high earth-abundance elements is regarded as one of the most promising cathodes for the applicable Na-ion batteries due to its desirable cycling stability and high safety. However, the voltage hysteresis caused by Mn²⁺ ions resided in Na⁺ vacancies has led to significant capacity loss associated with Mn reaction centers between 2.5–4.2 V. Herein, the sodium excess strategy based on charge compensation is applied to suppress the undesirable voltage hysteresis, thereby achieving sufficient utilization of the Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ redox couples. These findings indicate that the sodium excess Na_3.5MnTi_0.5Ti_0.5(PO₄)₃ cathode with Ti⁴⁺ reduction has a lowest Mn²⁺ occupation on the Na⁺ vacancies in its initial composition, which can improve the kinetics properties, finally contributing to a suppressed voltage hysteresis. Based on these findings, it is further applied the sodium excess route on a Mn-richer phosphate cathode, which enables the suppressed voltage hysteresis and more reversible capacity. Consequently, this developed Na_3.6Mn_1.15Ti_0.85(PO₄)₃ cathode achieved a high energy density over 380 Wh kg⁻¹ (based on active substance mass of cathode) in full-cell configurations, which is not only superior to most of the phosphate cathodes, but also delivers more application potential than the typical oxides cathodes for Na-ion batteries.     

Fractional occupation numbers and spin density functional calculations of degenerate systems

We implemented ab initio self‐consistent field (SCF) fractional occupation numbers (FON) calculation with Dunlap's interpolation scheme for the twisted ethylene, which is a prototype molecule of a σ–π biradical system. The calculational results are compared with those of complete‐active‐space (CAS) SCF and spin‐unrestricted Kohn–Sham (UKS) calculations on potential surfaces, occupation numbers of natural orbitals, and correlation entropies. It was found that the UKS methods gave similar results to CASSCF, while the FON solutions appeared in only the nearly complete degenerate region. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 93: 317–323, 2003     

多目标指示激光束的Walsh编码研究

针对激光目标指示器在进行多目标指示时,激光束之间有相互干扰的缺点,提出了一种基于walsh矩阵的多目标指示激光束编码方案.walsh矩阵的每一行或每一列都相互正交,是伪随机序列,自相关值最大,而互相关值为0.哈达马序walsh矩阵的结构特点使得可编程电路很容易生成该矩阵的某一行或某一列.通过简单的数值设置,可以让不同的目标指示器生成Walsh矩阵的不同行,即得到不同的伪随机序列.利用伪随机序列的相关特性,使用walsh矩阵的不同行对激光束进行编码,则可消除激光束间的串扰.该方案具有抗干扰能力强、保密性好、易于实现等优点,也适用于多路遥控系统.     

有人/无人机协同空地作战关键技术综述

有人/无人机协同作战是C4KISR体系下一种典型的作战方式,综合有人/无人机协同作战在各国的研究及进展情况,给出了有人/无人机协同作战指挥控制系统的结构,按照空域和时域两个方面分析了有人机、无人机两个平台的组成部分及协同控制功能,归纳出协同作战所需要解决的关键技术,并且给出了一个在典型作战任务想定下的作战情报指令及控制...     

基于A*算法的无人机攻击轨迹解算

借鉴飞行器航迹规划方法,提出用A*算法来解算无人机攻击轨迹.首先对原始地图进行预处理,基于威胁信息等效为山峰的思想,生成了三维等效数字融合地图;然后,利用介绍的A*算法,对路径寻优进行建模仿真,实时规划出无人机攻击目标的轨迹;最后,通过分析算法的时间复杂度,结合攻击轨迹仿真结果,得到了可以在元人机攻击目标时快速生成攻击...     

Eu3+-site occupation in CaTiO3 perovskite material at low temperature

In order to clarify the site occupancy of rare-earth ions in rare-earth doped perovskite materials, the un-doped pure CaTiO₃ and Eu³⁺-doped CaTiO₃ samples with a series of Ca/Ti ratio were synthesized via high-temperature solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) powder patterns confirm that the crystal structure keeps invariant at various Ca/Ti ratios. Measurement results of unit-cell parameters and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that Eu³⁺ ions enter into the Ca²⁺ site. The high-resolution photoluminescence spectra of Eu³⁺ ions at 20 K in all samples did not witness a significant change under the excitation at different wavelength, implying that Eu³⁺ ions occupy only one type of site. Considering the small spectral splitting range of ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transition and the large intensity ratio of ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂/⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁, it can be concluded that Eu³⁺ occupies Ca²⁺ site with larger coordinate numbers rather than Ti⁴⁺ site.     

不确定信息下基于拍卖算法的多无人机同时到达攻击多目标

针对不确定信息下的多无人机同时到达攻击多目标的控制策略问题,将拍卖算法和区间一致性算法相结合,提出了不确定信息下的多无人机同时到达的控制方法。首先通过拍卖算法,给出了多无人机对多目标的任务分配方法;然后定义了区间一致性算法,提出了不确定信息下的多无人机同时到达的控制方法,实现了多无人机到达多目标的时间上趋于一致;最后进行仿真,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

空对空多目标攻击载机攻击航线求解逻辑

介绍了空对空多目标攻击载机攻击航线的基本要求、航线选择和求解方法,以及载机航线、瞄准偏差、操纵指令的计算逻辑图.同时还介绍了多目标攻击"可能攻击扇形区"交集的概念和在载机航线求解中的应用等问题.     

空对空多目标攻击武器火控系统的半物理仿真

介绍空对空多目标攻击武器火控系统的半物理仿真技术.内容包括系统半物理仿真的目的、意义,多目标攻击武器火控半物理仿真系统的构成,仿真原理概述和典型仿真用例的仿真结果.对多目标攻击火控系统研究有一定的参考意义.     

空对地雷达精确定位的电波折射误差修正方法

要利用空中飞行器上武器来攻击地面目标,首先必须对地面目标进行精确定位,然后才能实施精确打击.大气介质的不均匀性使得雷达测量定位产生折射误差,从而影响雷达的定位精度.因此对高精度的雷达系统,必须进行电波折射误差修正.这里采用空中雷达处的大气折射率来预测空中雷达电波传播的大气剖面,再经过电波射线描迹方法推出了一种实用于空中雷达对地面目标精确定位的电波折射误差修正方法.仿真计算表明:俯视雷达与同一传播路径上地基雷达的计算结果很吻合.随着俯视角度的增大,电波折射引起的误差逐渐减小,反之,俯视角度愈小,电波折射误差愈大.当雷达在10 km高度时,5°以下俯角的电波折射误差达10 m以上.