基于谐振原理的硅微机械加速度计

基于力学振动原理 ,导出敏感梁类谐振振动的微分方程 ,给出了振梁型加速度计的设计原理。指出了加速度计谐振梁频率的相对变化量与梁的厚度无关 ;为避免输出非线性频率信号 ,频率的相对变化率和激励振动的振幅都不宜太大     

Bulk micromachining of silicon in TMAH-based etchants for aluminum passivation and smooth surface

The fabrication of silicon based micromechanical sensors often requires bulk silicon etching after aluminum metallization. All wet silicon etchants including ordinary undoped tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH)-water solution attack the overlaying aluminum metal interconnect during the anisotropic etching of (100) silicon. This paper presents a TMAH-water based etching recipe to achieve high silicon etch rate, a smooth etched surface and almost total protection of the exposed aluminum metallization. The etch rate measurements of (100) silicon, silicon dioxide and aluminum along with the morphology studies of etched surfaces are performed on both n-type and p-type silicon wafers at different concentrations (2, 5, 10 and 15%) for undoped TMAH treated at various temperatures as well as for TMAH solution doped separately and simultaneously with silicic acid and ammonium peroxodisulphate (AP). It is established through a detailed study that 5% TMAH-water solution dual doped with 38 gm/l silicic acid and 7 gm/l AP yields a reasonably high (100) silicon etch rate of 70 μm/h at 80 °C, very small etch rates of SiO₂ and pure aluminum (around 80 Å/h and 50 Å/h, respectively), and a smooth surface (±7 nm) at a bath temperature of 80 °C. The etchant has been successfully used for fabricating several MEMS structures like piezoresistive accelerometer, vaporizing liquid micro-thruster and flow sensor. In all cases, the bulk micromachining is carried out after the formation of aluminum interconnects which is found to remain unaffected during the prolonged etching process at 80 °C. The TMAH based etchant may be attractive in industry due to its compatibility with standard CMOS process.     

一种新型三轴电容式加速度计的设计分析

设计了一种新型结构的体硅工艺梳齿电容式加速度计,该设计采用2个检测质量块,分别检测水平方向和垂直方向的加速度。x,y水平方向不对称梳齿的设计,消除了z轴对水平轴向加速度的干扰,同时z轴支撑梁的设计,解决了水平轴向对z轴的干扰。电容的差分结构有利于提高加速度计的检测性能。用Ansys仿真软件对敏感结构进行静态和模态分析,理论上验证了所提出的三轴电容式加速度计整体结构的可行性。     

MEMS压阻式三轴加速度传感器的双路循环电桥检测法

A cycle bridge detection method, which uses a piezoresistive triaxial accelerometer, has been described innovatively. This method just uses eight resistors to form a cycle detection bridge, which can detect the signal of the three directions for real time. It breaks the law of the ordinary independent Wheatstone bridge detection method, which uses at least 12 resistors and each four resistors connected as a Wheatstone bridge to detect the output signal from a specific direction. In order to verify the feasibility of this method, the modeling and simulating of the sensor structure have been conducted by ANSYS, then the dual cycle bridge detection method and independent Wheatstone bridge detection method are compared, the result shows that the former method can improve the sensitivity of the sensor effectively. The sensitivity of the x, y-axis used in the former method is two times that of the sensor used in the latter method, and the sensitivity of the z-axis is four times. At the same time, it can also reduce the cross-axis coupling degree of the sensor used in the dual cycle bridge detection method. In addition, a signal amplifier circuit and adder circuit have been provided, Finally, the test result of the ＂eight-beams/mass＂ triaxial accelerometer, which is based on the dual cycle bridge detection method and the related circuits, have been provided. The results of the test and the theoretical analysis are consistent, on the whole.     

新型磁驱动增大检测电容的高精度MEMS惯性传感器研究

增大传感器振子的质量和静态测试电容可以减小电容式MEMS惯性传感系统的噪声,而深度粒子反应刻蚀工艺由于复杂的工艺原因,当深宽比较大时,不能刻蚀出大质量和大初始电容的传感器.据此,本文研究了一种磁驱动增大检测电容的MEMS惯性传感器,通过电磁驱动器,传感器的静态测试电容可以大幅增加,在梳齿电容上刻蚀阻尼槽后,其机械噪声达到0.61μg每根号赫兹,仿真其共振频率为598Hz,静态位移灵敏度为0.7μm每重力加速度,基于硅 玻璃键合工艺,制作了栅形条电容式惯性传感器,并用电磁驱动的方式测试其品质因子达到715,从而验证了制作工艺的可行性和电磁驱动器改变传感器初始静态测试电容的可行性.     

一种用于MEMS电容式加速度计的116dB动态范围CMOS读出电路

A high stability in-circuit reprogrammable technique control system for a capacitive MEMS accelerometer is presented. Modulation and demodulation are used to separate the signal from the low frequency noise. A low-noise low-offset charge integrator is employed in this circuit to implement a capacitance-to-voltage converter and minimize the noise and offset. The application-specific integrated circuit （ASIC） is fabricated in a 0.5 /μm one-ploy three-metal CMOS process. The measured results of the proposed circuit show that the noise floor of the ASIC is -116 dBV, the sensitivity of the accelerometer is 66 mV/g with a nonlinearity of 0.5%. The chip occupies 3.5×2.5 mm2 and the current is 3.5 mA.     

光纤惯组的第二级温控系统算法设计与仿真

由于光纤惯性测量组合对温度的敏感性,故需采用温控系统对惯组的温度进行控制以保证温度敏感器件的精度和稳定性。为了获得更好的控制效果,本文采用两级温控方案,重点针对光纤惯性测量组合温控系统的第二级温控系统进行加热方案的论证,对光纤陀螺和加速度计进行热仿真分析,优化温度控制方案,并提出用遗传算法优化模糊PID控制器的量化因子和比例因子,由此优化控制规则和隶属度函数。仿真结果表明,这种算法能够获得比常规模糊PID控制更好的控制效果,大大改善了系统的性能。     

单片集成的高性能压阻式三轴高g加速度计的设计、制造和测试

设计、制造并测试了一种单片集成的压阻式高性能三轴高g加速度计,量程可达105g.x和y轴单元均采用一种带微梁的三梁-质量块结构,z轴单元采用三梁-双岛结构.与传统的单悬臂梁结构或者悬臂梁-质量块结构相比,这两种结构均同时具有高灵敏度和高谐振频率的优点.采用ANSYS软件进行了结构分析和优化设计.中间结构层主要制作工艺包括压阻集成工艺和双面Deep ICP刻蚀,并与玻璃衬底阳极键合和上层盖板BCB键合形成可以塑封的三层结构,从而提高加速度计的可靠性.封装以后的加速度计采用落杆方法进行测试,三轴灵敏度分别为2.28,2.36和2.52 μV/g,谐振频率分别为309,302和156 kHz.利用东菱冲击试验台,采用比较校准法测得y轴和z轴加速度计的非线性度分别为1.4%和1.8%.     

基于喇曼-奈斯衍射的MOEMS加速度计的设计与工艺实验

本文主要设计了一种新型的基于喇曼奈斯声光衍射的微光机电加速度计。它主要由一个声光移频器与一系列光波导构成。文章首先对器件的基础理论与基本原理做了简要的介绍。然后设计了一种基于弯曲板波的延迟线振荡器做为声光移频器,其克莱因-考克参数为0.38。设计了厚度2微米,宽度0.6微米的单模光波导用于光的传输,同时还设计了波导偏振器以保证波导内的光具有相同的偏振方向。接着,基于前文的设计,文中提出了基于硅工艺的器件加工方案与流程,并详细讨论了加工流程中存在的难点与问题。最后针对提出的难点与问题进行了一系列的工艺实验,找到了解决难点和问题并复合设计要求的工艺条件与参数,实验结果表面本文提出的器件的设计与加工是可靠可行的。     

三轴加速度计在水下结构振动测试中的应用

采用基于MEMS技术的ADXL330三轴加速度计芯片,设计了适合水下结构振动测试的加速度传感器,并应用于某输水管线闸门振动监测系统中。分析了ADXL330结构、原理和标定方法。根据水下结构振动测试特点和要求,设计了应用电路、防水结构以及振动测试系统。现场应用表明,采用该芯片设计的三轴加速度传感器能够满足水下结构振动监测的需要,具有低成本、高精度、易安装和安全可靠等特点。