水斗非定常自由水膜流三维贴体数值模拟

本研究采用水斗三维非正交贴体坐标系进行了非定常自由水膜流动的数值解析。对不规则水斗内表面采用三维非正交贴体坐标系下离散点进行拟合,推导了曲面离散点的法向矢量和曲面微元面高斯曲率、平均曲率等几何特征量的计算公式,进而导出流体粒子在运动方向上曲率计算式。在水斗三维贴体坐标系中,还推导了流体粒子在水斗曲面上的运动控制方程。最后对某水轮机水斗内表面非定常自由水膜流进行了数值模拟,得到其非定常水膜流态分布。     

Solving the trade-off between fairness and throughput: Token bucket and leaky bucket-based weighted fair queueing schedulers

In this article, we present two efficient weighted fair queueing (WFQ) scheduling algorithms leaned on the well-known token bucket and leaky bucket shaping/policing algorithms. The performance of the presented algorithms is compared to those of the state-of-the-art WFQ approximations such as weighted round robin (WRR) and the recently proposed bin sort fair queueing (BSFQ). Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithms provide a better fairness at a lower implementation complexity while simultaneously achieving a comparable network utilization.     

On the departure process of a leaky bucket system with long-range dependent input traffic

Due to the strong experimental evidence that the traffic to be offered to future broadband networks will display long-range dependence, it is important to study the possible implications that such traffic may have for the design and performance of these networks. In particular, an important question is whether the offered traffic preserves its long-range dependent nature after passing through a policing mechanism at the interface of the network. One of the proposed solutions for flow control in the context of the emerging ATM standard is the so-called leaky bucket scheme. In this paper we consider a leaky bucket system with long-range dependent input traffic. We adopt the following popular model for long-range dependent traffic: Time is discrete. At each unit time a random number of sessions is initiated, having the distribution of a Poisson random variable with mean λ. Each of these sessions has a random duration τ, where the integer random variable τ has finite mean, infinite variance, and a regularly varying tail, i.e., P(τ >К) ~ К^-Lα L(К), where 1 < α < 2 L(·) is a slowly varying function. Once a session is initiated, it generates one cell at each unit of time until its termination. We examine the departure process of the leaky bucket policing mechanism driven by such an arrival process, and show that it too is long-range dependent for any token buffer size and any - finite or infinite - cell buffer size. Moreover, upper and lower bounds for the covariance sequence of the output process are established. The above results demonstrate that long-range dependence cannot be removed by the kinds of flow control schemes that are currently being envisioned for broadband networks. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ATM网络中漏桶流量控制特性的研究

本文对ＡＴＭ（异步转移模式）网络中话音、数据和图像业务的漏桶流量控制特性进行了研究。计算机模拟结果表明，由于各种业务内在的相关性不同，相应的漏桶流量控制特性有较大的差异。漏桶参数的选择对于各种业务具有不同的公平性，因而应根据业务的特性来设计漏桶参数。     

ATM突发性业务阻塞控制

在ＡＴＭ网里业务阻塞控制是一个十分重要的问题，本文对一种缓冲漏桶业务阻塞控制算法在突发性业务输入情况下的性能进行了计算机模拟分析，模拟结构表明缓冲漏桶算法是一种适合于突发性业务的阻塞控制算法，文章在模拟结果的基础上给出了缓冲漏桶算法中参量选择的算法。     

基于令牌漏桶法的数据记录技术

针对实时系统记录数据会引起系统运行速度缓慢、瘫痪、甚至＂死机＂的问题,提出了具有特色的令牌漏桶法。该方法通过创建循环队列数据池并根据数据池的数据量适时发放令牌和拥有令牌的任务自动选择CPU空闲时执行等技术实现。通过试验验证,在保证整个系统实时性、可靠性的前提下,该方法实现了实时记录数据的功能。     

A Concise Method to Predict the Mean Dynamic Pressure on a Plunge Pool Slab

Hydrodynamic pressure exerted on a plunge pool slab by jet impingement is of high interest in high dam projects. The present study experimentally investigated the characteristics of pressure induced by a jet through a constant width flip bucket (CFB) and a slit flip bucket (SFB). A pressurized plane pipe was employed in the flume experiments to control the inlet velocities in the flip buckets. A concise method is proposed to predict the mean dynamic pressure field. Its implementation is summarized as follows: First, the position of the pressure field is determined by the trajectories of free jets, and to calculate its trajectories, an equation based on parabolic trajectory theory is used; second, the maximum mean dynamic pressure is obtained through dimensional analysis, and then the pressure field is established by applying the law of Gaussian distribution. Those steps are integrated into a concise computing procedure by using some easy-to-obtain parameters. Some key parameters, such as takeoff velocity coefficient, takeoff angle coefficient, and the parameter k2, are also investigated in this paper. The formulas of these coefficients are obtained by fitting the experimental data. Using the proposed method, the easy-to-obtain geometric parameters and initial hydraulic conditions can be used to calculate the maximum mean dynamic pressure on the slab. A comparison between experimental data and calculated results confirmed the practicability of this model. These research results provide a reference for hydraulic applications.     

对激光光束质量一些问题的认识

从对激光光束质量研究进展开始,讨论了在傍轴和非傍轴范畴内激光光束质量的一些问题,主要是非傍轴光束的光束质量评价。光束传输的非傍轴矢量二阶矩理论可用于计算多种非傍轴光束的M2因子,但对M2因子的物理解释却有困难。例如,在非傍轴范畴,M2因子依赖于束腰宽度与波长之比,并可小于1。但远场发散角之值可趋于90°,这将导致很大的M2因子值。另一方面,若将公式中的光强用时间平均坡印廷矢量z分量代替,桶中功率(PIB),或等价地,?茁 参数可推广用于评价非傍轴光束的远场光束质量。PIB表征了光束功率的可聚焦能力,是一种简明、直观评价不同激光光束的方法。然而,在?茁参数的公式中的束宽是按功率含量百分比定义的,因此双曲线传输规律不再严格成立。     

以太网流量监控方法研究

通过研究帧中继、IP、ATM等分组业务的流量监控算法,提出了可适用于光传输网络的以太网流量的2种监控算法:PIR/CIR和CIR/EIR。通过比较发现CIR/EIR算法的可控性和准确性比PIR/CIR高。最后通过计算机仿真和ATM平台移植对理论分析进行了验证。     

非稳腔的远场光强分布和光束质量

在对远场光强分布分析的基础上,对非稳腔的光束质量作了详细研究。证明了当遮拦比ε→1时,其远场光强是零阶贝塞尔光束分布。对数值计算结果的物理分析表明:用“桶中功率”曲线是评价非稳腔远场光束质量适用的方法。同时,也指出了这种方法的不足之处。