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排序方式: 共有250条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
PKI是目前在电子商务中安全传输方案,SSL和SET两种安全的电子交易协议,在网上交易中有着广泛地应用,是大多数在线支付所采用的支付协议。这里在探讨PKI、SSL、SET技术原理的基础上,对它们各自的作用、技术实现、工作漉程等进行了描述;对它们之间的联系、区别、应用范围进行了深入的分析。 相似文献
2.
目前SET协议在电子商务交易中应用越来越广泛,因此,对SET协议的安全性的要求就越来越高。论文在SET协议的交易流程基础上,分析了其安全机制采用的技术和优点,指出了SET协议安全性存在的一些问题。 相似文献
3.
E-commerce is a very active field of Internet research. A very important aspect of e-commerce is its security. Because of the variety of e-commerce applications, many security policies, protocols and techniques are involved in the deployment of the security. The related standards and protocols of e-commerce are studied in this paper. The general model of e-commerce security is set forth. In this model, two most important e-commerce protocols including secure sockets layer (SSL) and secure electronic transaction (SET) are analyzed. The open problems and new trends of e-commerce security are presented. 相似文献
4.
Brad M. Rosen Virgil Percec 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(21):4950-4964
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and single electron‐transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) both utilize copper complexes of various oxidation states with N‐ligands to perform their respective activation and deactivation steps. Herein, we utilize DFT (B3YLP) methods to determine the preferred ligand‐binding geometries for Cu/N‐ligand complexes related to ATRP and SET‐LRP. We find that those ligands capable of achieving tetrahedral complexes with CuI and trigonal bipyramidal with axial halide complexes with [CuIIX]+ have higher energies of stabilization. We were able to correlate calculated preferential stabilization of [CuIIX]+ with those ligands that perform best in SET‐LRP. A crude calculation of energy of disproportionation revealed that the same preferential binding of [CuIIX]+ results in increased propensity for disproportionation. Finally, by examining the relative energies of the basic steps of ATRP and SET‐LRP, we were able to rationalize the transition from the ATRP mechanism to the SET‐LRP mechanism as we transition from typical nonpolar ATRP solvents to polar SET‐LRP solvents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4950–4964, 2007 相似文献
5.
6.
Jing Ma Hou Chen Min Zhang Mengmeng Yu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(3):609-613
Use of ionic liquids as reaction media was investigated in the design of an environmentally friendly single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) for acrylonitrile (AN) without any ligand by using Fe(0) wire as catalyst and 2‐bromopropionitrile as initiator. 1‐Methylimidazolium acetate ([mim][AT]), 1‐methylimidazolium propionate ([mim][PT]), and 1‐methylimidazolium valerate ([mim][VT]) were applied in this study. First‐order kinetics of polymerization with respect to the monomer concentration, linear increase of the molecular weight, and narrow polydispersity with monomer conversion showed the controlled/living radical polymerization characters. The sequence of the apparent polymerization rate constant of SET‐LRP of AN was kapp ([mim][AT]) > kapp ([mim][PT]) > kapp ([mim][VT]). The living feature of the polymerization was also confirmed by chain extensions of polyacrylonitrile with methyl methacrylate. All three ionic liquids were recycled and reused and had no obvious effect on the controlled/living nature of SET‐LRP of AN. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
7.
Musammir Khan Yakai Feng Dazhi Yang Wei Zhou Hong Tian Ying Han Li Zhang Wenjie Yuan Jin Zhang Jintang Guo Wencheng Zhang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(15):3166-3176
The synthetic polycations are ideal candidates as antimicrobial agents, because they resemble natural antimicrobial peptides, but to render hemocompatibility to these materials is a great challenge. Herein, we used 2‐(tert‐butyl‐aminoethyl) methacrylate (TBAEMA), to synthesize its homopolymer and pegylated random and diblock copolymers with polyethyleneglycol methacrylate (PEGMA, Mn = 360 Da) by single‐electron transfer–living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP). In the second step, the secondary amino groups in the precursor polymers were quaternized with iodomethane and bromohexane, to obtain three series of quaternized polymers. The antimicrobial properties of these quaternized polymers were evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli), by studying the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) which ranged between 32 and 200 mg L?1 and showed higher values for the quaternized random than the diblock copolymers. In addition to, we have also demonstrated the grafting of these polycations onto polycarbonate urethane film surfaces, which showed good killing efficacy against E. coli. Furthermore, the hemolysis of these materials was investigated against human red blood cells, which indicated that except the quaternized homopolymers that showed highest hemolysis, all other amphiphilic polycations exhibited very low hemolytic activity. Therefore, our designed materials with controlled structures and functionality, synthesized from cheaply available resources could serve as useful agents in the field of biomedicines and implantable materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3166–3176 相似文献
8.
As technology feature sizes decrease, single event upset (SEU), and single event transient (SET) dominate the radiation response of microcircuits. Multiple bit upset (MBU) (or multi cell upset) effects, digital single event transient (DSET) and analogue single event transient (ASET) caused serious problems for advanced integrated circuits (ICs) applied in a radiation environment and have become a pressing issue. To face this challenge, a lot of work has been put into the single event soft error mechanism and mitigation schemes. This paper presents a review of SEU and SET, including: a brief historical overview, which summarizes the historical development of the SEU and SET study since their first observation in the 1970's; effects prominent in advanced technology, which reviews the effects such as MBU, MSET as well as SET broadening and quenching with the influence of temperature, device structure etc.; the present understanding of single event soft error mechanisms, which review the basic mechanism of single event generation including various component of charge collection; and a discussion of various SEU and SET mitigation schemes divided as circuit hardening and layout hardening that could help the designer meet his goals. 相似文献
9.
Jacek E. Nycz 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(10):2605-2612
The present study shows new aspects of the synthesis of polyhalogenoarylphosphanes. The sterically hindered anions Ph(R)P-Y? (1a–c, Y = O, lone pair; R = Ph, But) have been used to show the complexity of the reaction between phosphorus nucleophiles and hexahalogenobenzenes or 9-bromofluorene (E3). The Ph(But)P-O? (1a) anion reacts with hexachlorobenzene (E1), hexafluorobenzene (E2), or E3 to give Ph(R)P(O)X (4a–c, X = F, Cl, Br) with the release of the corresponding carbanion as a nucleofuge, followed by side reactions. In contrast, the lithium phosphides Ph(R)PLi (1b,c) react with hexahalogenobenzenes to give the corresponding diphosphanes 5a,b as the main product and traces of P-arylated products, i.e., Ph(R)P-C6X5 (10a,b, X = Cl, F). Unexpectedly, Ph(But)PLi (1b) reacts with an excess of 9-bromofluorene to give only halogenophosphane Ph(But)P-X. 相似文献
10.
Nga H. Nguyen Xuefei Leng Hao‐Jan Sun Virgil Percec 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(15):3110-3122
The efficient Cu(0) wire‐catalyzed single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA) in DMSO and binary mixtures of DMSO with H2O is reported. Addition of 10–80% H2O to DMSO resulted in an increase in the apparent rate constant of propagation ( ), corresponding to an increase in the polarity and extent of disproportionation. At higher H2O content, decreases, and in H2O is slightly lower than that in DMSO. This unexpected behavior was attributed to the physical inaccessibility of Cu(0) wire catalyst to the hydrophobic reactive centers of OEOMA and initiator which self‐assemble in H2O into micellar aggregates and vesicles. This hypothesis was confirmed by the faster polymerization in H2O than in DMSO during catalysis with Cu(0) nanoparticles generated by disproportionation of CuBr. SET‐LRP of OEOMA can be performed in protic and dipolar aprotic solvents in air by the addition of hydrazine hydrate. The polymerization exhibited no induction period and identical as in the degassed experiment, and led to polymers with narrow molecular weigh distribution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3110–3122 相似文献