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R. Mathur-De-Vré 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1997,2(2):63-68
There is growing interest in developing a general strategy and quality standards for possible accreditation or certification
of R&D laboratories. This article discusses the scope and limitations of Quality Systems in R&D activities. The extension
of QA to R&D centres in general requires emphasis on project management and scientific competence in addition to quality management
and technical competence.
Received: 11 September 1996 Accepted: 13 November 1996 相似文献
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The metabolic profiling of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa, Hayward cultivar) aqueous extracts and the water status of entire kiwifruits were monitored over the season (June-December) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methodologies. The metabolic profiling of aqueous kiwifruit extracts was investigated by means of high field NMR spectroscopy. A large number of water-soluble metabolites were assigned by means of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The change in the metabolic profiles monitored over the season allowed the kiwifruit development to be investigated. Specific temporal trends of aminoacids, sugars, organic acids and other metabolites were observed.The water status of kiwifruits was monitored directly on the intact fruit measuring the T2 spin-spin relaxation time by means of a portable unilateral NMR instrument, fully non-invasive. Again, clear trends of the relaxation time were observed during the monitoring period.The results show that the monitoring of the metabolic profiling and the monitoring of the water status are two complementary means suitable to have a complete view of the investigated fruit. 相似文献
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通过在信息化行业中QA和QC的定义和区别,论述QA和QC的主要工作内容,对企业QA和QC部门的分工有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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Analytical methods for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are widely available
and are the result of a vast amount of environmental analytical method development and research on persistent organic pollutants
(POPs) over the past 30–40 years. This review summarizes procedures and examines new approaches for extraction, isolation,
identification and quantification of individual congeners/isomers of the PCBs and OCPs. Critical to the successful application
of this methodology is the collection, preparation, and storage of samples, as well as specific quality control and reporting
criteria, and therefore these are also discussed. With the signing of the Stockholm convention on POPs and the development
of global monitoring programs, there is an increased need for laboratories in developing countries to determine PCBs and OCPs.
Thus, while this review attempts to summarize the current best practices for analysis of PCBs and OCPs, a major focus is the
need for low-cost methods that can be easily implemented in developing countries. A “performance based” process is described
whereby individual laboratories can adapt methods best suited to their situations. Access to modern capillary gas chromatography
(GC) equipment with either electron capture or low-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) detection to separate and quantify OCP/PCBs
is essential. However, screening of samples, especially in areas of known use of OCPs or PCBs, could be accomplished with
bioanalytical methods such as specific commercially available enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays and thus this topic is
also reviewed. New analytical techniques such two-dimensional GC (2D-GC) and “fast GC” using GC–ECD may be well-suited for
broader use in routine PCB/OCP analysis in the near future given their relatively low costs and ability to provide high-resolution
separations of PCB/OCPs. Procedures with low environmental impact (SPME, microscale, low solvent use, etc.) are increasingly
being used and may be particularly suited to developing countries.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
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本文介绍具有通信行业特点的TL9000标准,特色是坚持以顾客为关注点,培育有效和高效保护电信产品的完整性和使用性的质量管理体系。 相似文献
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OWL已经成为重要的知识表示和交换方式.OWL驱动的问答系统是比搜索引擎更具挑战性的研究.本文致力于解决为自然语言问题获取正确的OWL解释.考虑到问题理解的复杂性,影响因素的多样性,本文提出一种基于约束的语义映射方法.该方法分解问题成为变量,索引OWL知识成为变量域,抽象约束形成函数.并建立了目标函数完成问题变量在候选OWL知识库中获取合理解释的过程.该方法基于网络智能研究院知识库和问题集进行了初步评估.实验结果表明:和传统基于关键字匹配的算法比较,本文提出的方法使可解释问题比例增加了18%左右. 相似文献
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EURADOS Working Group 2 (WG2) on Harmonization of Individual Monitoring is a network of individual monitoring services (IMSs) that aims to promote quality, technical excellence and good practice in European Member States. To help to improve quality, in 2012 EURADOS WG2 carried out a survey of IMSs in Europe. The survey was sent to about 170 IMS and included questions on: the use of formal quality assurance (QA) standards, QA in dosimetry, matters of practice, and common sources of error. The present paper summarises the main findings of the survey, and compares them with those of an earlier study (2003). The survey found that profile of QA is high amongst the responding IMSs, and that most are following good practice. A majority of services comply with formal quality standards and good attention is paid to traceability, method validation and proficiency testing. There are some areas where lessons can be learned, for example in the assessment of measurement uncertainty; and it remains very instructive to see what the main causes of error are for IMSs in general. 相似文献