信号相关杂波背景中极化雷达发射波形优化

波形优化可有效抑制干扰,显著改善雷达探测性能.针对全极化雷达,考虑发射波形满足能量和相似性双重约束,以最大化信杂噪比为准则,对发射波形和接收滤波器进行联合优化.该文设计了一种波形和滤波器的迭代优化算法,该方法序贯提高输出信杂噪比.算法的每一次迭代需要分别解决一个凸问题和隐凸问题,整个算法的计算量与迭代次数和接收滤波器长度分别呈线性和多项式关系.最后,通过仿真实验分析了算法的收敛性、优化波形的模糊度函数方面的性质,与其他算法进行了对比,结果表明:与现有方法相比,该文方法可实现信杂噪比的有效提升.     

伪装材料表面偏振散射的几何光学解

散射光的偏振特征可以作为遥感信息来识别目标,给伪装技术带来了新的威胁.文中采用偏振相机在光学与红外波段测试了染料型和涂料型伪装材料的偏振散射光谱,研究了不同探测波段下粗糙材料表面的偏振散射机理.研究结果表明:染料型伪装材料的偏振度很小,当光源以不同的入射角照射其表面时,偏振度基本保持不变;涂料型伪装材料的偏振度较大,且随着入射角的增大,其散射光的偏振度也逐渐升高;材料散射光的偏振度与表面粗糙度成反比,染料型伪装材料具有较大的表面粗糙度,在与入射光的作用过程中多次散射占优,因此,其偏振度很小.利用几何光学理论分析了材料表面的偏振散射机理,分析结果与实验结论相吻合.在一定条件下,伪装材料的偏振散射特征与背景不同,偏振信息在伪装目标识别方面具有重要的军事应用价值.     

Ob ject-Based Classification Metho d for PolSAR Images with Improved Scattering Powers and Contextual Features

This paper proposes a new object-based classification method for Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images, which considers scattering powers from an improved model-based polarimetric decomposition approach, as well as the spatial and textural features. With the decomposition, the scattering ambiguities between ori-ented buildings and vegetation are reduced. Furthermore, various contextual features are extracted from the ob ject and incorporated into the K-nearest neighbors (k-NN) based classification. To reduce the feature redundancy, a new Supervised locally linear embedding (S-LLE) dimen-sionality reduction method is introduced to map the high dimensional polarimetric signatures into the most compact low-dimensional structure for classification. Experimental results with Airborne synthetic aperture rada (AIRSAR) C-band PolSAR image demonstrate the superior perfor-mance to other methods.     

Ship Detection and Characterization with Generalized Optimization of Polarimetric Contrast Enhancement

A Generalized optimization algorithm of polarimetric contrast enhancement （GOPCE） is proposed to find optimal polarimetric states and coefficients to max-imize the received power ratio of ship to ocean clutter, which facilitates ship detection. The method is validated with a real SIR-C/X image. The results indicate that, rather than optimal polarimetric contrast enhancement, GOPCE apparently improves the contrast of ship to sea by introducing the polarimetric feature vector.     

Temperature sensing using the spectral interference of polarization modes in a highly birefringent fiber

The spectral interference of polarization modes in a highly birefringent (HB) fiber to measure temperature is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. A tandem configuration of a birefringent delay line and a sensing HB fiber is considered and the spectral interferograms are modelled for the known birefringence dispersion of the HB fiber under test. As the delay line, a birefringent quartz crystal of a suitable thickness is employed to resolve a channeled spectrum. The channeled spectra are recorded for different temperatures and the polarimetric sensitivity to temperature, determined in the spectral range from 500 to 850 nm, is decreasing with wavelength. It is demonstrated that the temperature sensing is possible using the wavelength interrogation, i.e., the position of a given interference maximum is temperature dependent. The temperature sensitivity of the HB fiber under test is −0.25 nm/K and the resolution is better than 0.5 K.     

Description of the response of a fiber optic velocity sensor applied to capillary gas chromatography

This paper explores the response of a novel fiber optics sensor allowing real-time determination of the migration rate of vapor zones in capillary gas chromatography. The sensitivity is related to the gradient of the vapor zone distribution in the capillary and it is highest when vapor zones show steep variations in concentration. The expected linearity between the height of the velocity peaks and the response of a thermal conductivity detector is demonstrated experimentally. The sensor can be used to infer an approximate value of the analyte diffusion coefficient from the time response. Finally, the time evolution of the envelope of the optical signal is explained with experimental evidences.     

The temporal Mueller matrix solution for polarimetric scattering from a layer of random non-spherical scatterers

The Mueller matrix solution of the vector radiative transfer equation with time dependence is derived in this paper. It is applied to simulation of polarimetric bistatic scattering from a layer of non-uniformly oriented, random non-spherical scatterers when a Gaussian plane pulse is incident upon. Co-polarized and cross-polarized bistatic scattering are numerically calculated. The pulse echoes are compared with the incidence, and demonstrate its functional dependence on the physical parameters of random medium, such as spatial orientation and fractional volume of scatterers, incidence angle and polarization, the layer depth and others.     

CLASSIFICATION OF MULTI-LOOK POLARIMETRIC SAR IMAGERY AND POLARIZATION CHANNEL OPTIMIZATION

In this paper, a new maximum likelihood (ML) classification algorithm is proposed to classify the multi-look polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Experimental results with the NASA/JPL airborne L-band polarimetric SAR data demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm. Furthermore, when using the algorithm in the classifications with subsets of the multi-look polarimetric SAR data, the polarization-channel optimization for the terrain type classification is implemented.     

全极化微波辐射计10．7GHz极化通道法拉第旋转校正分析

全极化微波辐射计海面风场反演使用的10.7GHz电磁波在穿过电离层时其极化平面会发生法拉第旋转.根据目前微波辐射计法拉第旋转校正使用的3种方法,分析了其应用于10.7GHz极化通道校正的可行性.对基于电离层和地磁场数据沿观测路径积分计算法拉第旋转角的校正方法进行详细研究,建立了观测路径单位矢量与地磁场矢量的夹角随高度变化的几何关系,给出了积分计算的具体流程.最后根据计算结果对法拉第旋转角的变化规律进行了分析,为星载全极化辐射计的升降交点选择提供参考.