Development in the area of UV-crosslinkable solvent-based pressure-sensitive adhesives with excellent shrinkage resistance

Solvent-based UV-crosslinkable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) present a new class of products that offers the potential to produce a novel generation of ultraviolet cured self-adhesive products with excellent shrinkage resistance. A variety of solvent-based pressure-sensitive adhesives were prepared by synthesis in ethyl acetate with solid content on 50 wt.% with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, N-vinyl caprolactam and unsaturated photoinitiators: 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone, allyl benzoine and phenyl-(1-acryloyloxy)-cyclohexyl ketone. The main emphasis is given to the influence of viscosity and molecular mass of synthesized adhesive on their shrinkage. Further trials show the effect of the UV-crosslinking process with UV-lamp and comparison with acrylics PSA crosslinked with metal chelates aluminium acetylacetonate and titanium acetylacetonate on shrinkage. Further examinations describe the influence of various factors such as UV exposure time and UV dose on very relevant PSA performance such as shrinkage on coated PVC carrier.     

Stripping Chronopotentiometry with Dry‐Preservable Supporting Electrolyte

The determination of some toxic metals by stripping chronopotentiometry with a supporting solution having an unconventional composition has been investigated with the aim of using such components in disposable measuring cells preservable in dry state and quite ready for use, only needing addition of a small volume of sample. The new supporting solution is prepared with a solid strong acid, p‐toluenesulfonic acid, in the place of the inorganic acids commonly used to improve the cation availability. The other components are, as usual, sodium chloride, which fixes the potential of the screen‐printed silver – silver chloride reference electrode, and mercury(II) chloride as the plating agent. This supporting solution has been tested in batch measurements with the mercury film glassy carbon electrode as well as with screen‐printed carbon‐ink electrodes, either with mercury film or bare. The physical shape of the mercury layer electrolytically deposited on screen‐printed carbon‐ink electrodes from a supporting solution containing 0.1 M p‐toluenesulfonic acid and 0.1 M sodium chloride has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) microanalysis. In chronopotentiometric stripping p‐toluenesulfonic acid performs as well as the usual inorganic strong acids, particularly in terms of sensitivity. At 0.1 mol dm^?3 it proved very suitable for the determination of toxic metals, in particular lead(II), at levels down to a few μg dm^?3. The overall results appear promising and can open new avenues for preparing disposable cells for on‐field stripping chronopotentiometric determination of toxic metals.     

Mixed Polymer‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as Forward Osmosis Draw Agents of Tuned Hydrophilicity

We recently reported a polymer‐coated magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) draw agent for the forward osmosis (FO) water desalination process. The water flux was found to increase when the polymer poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA) was anchored to the MNP surface as compared to the polymer (or polyelectrolyte solution) alone, due to the polymer chains being stretched out and most of the hydrophilic groups on the polymer contributing to water flux. We herein report the use of a secondary polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) PNIPAM to manipulate the PSA polymer conformation and influence inter‐ and intrachain interactions to enhance the efficiency of the FO draw agent. These PSA–PNIPAM‐coated MNPs generated a much higher water flux of ～11.66 LMH when compared to the 100 % PSA‐coated MNPs featuring a value of ～5.32 LMH under identical FO conditions. The osmotic pressure and water flux driven by the mixed polymer‐coated MNPs were found to be a strong function of the net polymer coverage on MNPs, that is, net available hydrophilic groups. Our new draw agent demonstrates potential for use in the water industry due to its improved efficiency and cost effectiveness as it uses only ～0.062 % (w/v) of the draw agent solution.     

The Effect of Temperature and Standings Can Cause Deviations in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Assays

Abstract

Blood samples were assayed for PSA values immediately after sampled or by standing for an assigned period. Variation of the free‐ (f), total‐ (t) values, and the free to total (f/t) ratios were determined. Mathematical models were used to interpret the phenomena of deviation. Smaller values of PSA values changed randomly with time and temperature of standings, resulting in varying f/t ratios, while larger initial PSA values were relatively unaffected to any significant extent.

Model interpreted that the changes of PSA values might be caused by higher temperature and time of standings, and conformational participation was also possible.     

Engaging High‐Sensation Seekers: The Dynamic Interplay of Sensation Seeking,Message Visual‐Auditory Complexity and Arousing Content

This study extends the research on message‐sensation value (MSV) by treating it as a dynamic stream of complex visual‐auditory information and arousing content (MSV‐d). Real‐time attentional and emotional responses to this dynamic stream during the PSA viewing process are indicated by psychophysiological measures. Dynamic models are used to systematically examine endogenous and exogenous influences on message processing to more accurately understand the effects of MSV‐d variables and individuals' sensation seeking tendencies during the processing of the PSAs. An important finding is that generally, increasing visual‐auditory complexity activates an approach tendency in those with high sensation‐seeking tendencies but activates an avoidance tendency in those with low sensation‐seeking tendencies, and this response pattern is moderated by arousing content.     

Unique thermal behavior of acrylic PSAs bearing long alkyl side groups and crosslinked by aluminum chelate

An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), bearing octadecyl acrylate, methyl acrylate and acrylic acid groups, and crosslinked by aluminum acetylacetonate (AlACA), displayed behavior unique among acrylic PSAs in that its adhesion, which decreases with an increase in temperature, began to increase again from around 150 °C. In order to understand this behavior, the structure and thermal properties of the PSA were investigated in detail, along with another PSA crosslinked by a covalent crosslinking agent (Az). From thermal mechanical analysis, the PSA with ionic crosslinks (AlACA) showed three softening points at 20, 60, and 160 °C. In comparison, the PSA covalently crosslinked by Az only exhibited two softening points (at 20 and 60 °C). The softening point at 160 °C is clearly related to ionic chelate crosslinking. DSC measurements indicated that the softening point at 20 °C resulted from melting of the ordered octadecyl group, and the softening point at 60 °C was due to an increase in the mobility of the main chain. The temperature dependence of viscoelastic measurements revealed that the viscosity of the PSA crosslinked by AlACA increased at around 160 °C. From these results, we considered that the distinctive adhesion of the PSA crosslinked by AlACA could be due to ligand exchange at the aluminum crosslinking points, which are chelated by carboxy groups built in the main chain.     

一种高精度并行主偏度分析算法及其在遥感图像中的应用

主偏度分析(PSA)作为主成分分析(PCA)的一种3阶推广,常用于盲图像分离、SAR图像去噪以及高光谱特征提取等。但现有PSA算法只能得到近似解,这会影响图像后续处理的精度。针对这一问题,该文在现有PSA算法基础上,提出了一种高精度并行主偏度分析(PPSA)算法。PPSA算法充分考虑数据结构,选用协偏度张量的全部切片的特征向量作为迭代的初始值,可以准确地得到实际解。仿真实验以及实际遥感图像实验验证了PPSA算法的有效性与优越性。     

跟踪式光伏发电系统的性能分析

对不同太阳位置的表述方法进行了简单描述,详细讨论了光伏跟踪系统的分类.基于处理过的PSA算法及向量法对太阳位置进行计算,计算出的太阳位置与MICA数据对比误差在0.7°以内.给出更有利于跟踪系统应用的准赤道坐标系统,从朗伯余弦定理出发,给出单轴倾斜轴跟踪系统的最佳跟踪角度vs计算公式,并且给出了具有方位角、坡度校正的vso以R.Perez模型为基础,结合PSA算法以及向量法等对不同地区、不同结构的跟踪系统的性能进行对比分析,vs角跟踪的优势得到了论证.     

偏振模色散对级联PSA高速光纤通信系统性能的影响

根据耦合非线性薛定谔方程,在考虑不同大小光纤偏振模色散时,通过计算机系统仿真,对分别采用EDFA和PSA作为在线放大器在不同传输速率下的系统传输性能进行了分析。结果表明,在不同系统速率和不同偏振模色散下,采用PSA作为在线放大器的系统性能优于EDFA系统性能。     

Liquid phase microextraction applications in food analysis

Over the last years, liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in its different application modes (single drop microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and hollow fiber-LPME) has been increasingly applied for the extraction of both inorganic and organic analytes from different matrices. Its advantages over conventional extraction procedures (simplicity, effectiveness, rapidity and low consumption of organic solvents) has also attracted its application in the complex food analysis field, in which it has clearly provided good and challenging results. A comprehensive review dealing with those articles published since its introduction till the end of March 2011 is presented, offering also a critical vision of the analytical potential of LPME for the analysis of foods.