In situ polymer nanocomposites: Effect of nanoparticles on the interfacial region

Composites based on the blends of polyurethane and poly(methyl methacrylate) of various composition were synthesized in situ in the presence of various amounts of nanoparticles (fumed silica). From thermophysical measurements it was found that, during reaction, phase separation and evolution of two phases occur. The temperature transitions in the systems and their positions depend on the blend composition and on various amounts of nanoparticles. Using scanning differential calorimetry from the changing of heat capacity increments the fraction of an intermediate region between two main phases has been estimated. For the first time it was observed that in nanocomposites in the temperature region between two main relaxation transitions, there appears a third transition, which was related to the adsorption layers formed by both components at the interface of the nanoparticles. The appearance of such intermediate regions increases essentially the fraction of an interfacial region in the system.     

微波辐射下芳醛与5, 5-甲基-1, 3-环己二酮的固相和液 相反应

芳醛(1)与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(2)在固相条件下,经微波辐射得到3,而在乙二醇溶剂中,经微波辐射得到4,产率接近定量。     

含有十二烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚的溶致液晶体系的研究

本文以非离子表面活性剂十二烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(TX-10)/苯乙烯/水组成的三元体系为研究对象, 绘制了三元相图, 选取液晶区域作为研究对象, 配制系列样品, 摄制了纹理照片, 用小角X光衍射法测定了液晶中各种组分变化时间的层间距, 并结合^2H NMR谱图和纹理照片的对照以及互为补充的分析, 为精确区分液晶结构提供了新的途径。这不仅对于基础理论研究, 同时对于日用化工和帮次采油都具有一定指导意义。     

聚乙二醇及其单醚类在咪唑N-烷基化反应中的相转移催化效应

本文报道聚乙二醇(PEG)及其单醚类化合物在咪唑N-烷基化反应中的催化效应,它是以组成聚乙二醇的(CH_2CH_2O)单元中的氧同Im~-Na~+形成离子对参与反应的.催化剂活性与分子量关系不大,主要取决于分子链中有效的(CH_2CH_2O)单元个数,并以不少于5的单元个数组成配合基元通过界面传递阴离子.在一定的催化剂浓度下,遵循假一级反应动力学关系.由此求得的不同碳链(C_4～C_(16))烷基溴和咪唑发生N-烷基化反应的速度常数,显示碳链的空间结构对反应有明显的影响.咪唑和正-丁基溴发生N-正丁基化反应的活化能为12.4±0.5kcal/mol,还求取了该反应的活化参数△S、△H、△G,并与使用季铵盐和冠醚类化合物作相转移催化剂(PTC)的反应结果进行了对比.     

Li~2SO~4-MgSO~4、LiSO~4-Li~4SiO~4体系的研究

本文用X射线衍射(高温、室温)和热分析(DTA、DSC、TGA)等方法测定了Li~2SO~4-MgSO~4和Li~2SO~4-Li~4SO~4体系相图,并研究了化合物的性能和晶体结构。Mg~4Li~2(SO~4)~5在840℃由包晶反应形成,它在105℃分解为Li~2SO~4为基的固溶体和MgSO~4.在105℃反应时,形成每摩尔的Mg~4Li~2(SO~4)~5吸热2.57kJ,反应激活能为173.5kJ/mol. Mg~4Li~2(SO~4)~5属正交晶系,在180℃的点阵常数α=8.577A,b=8.741A, c=11.918A, 可能的空间群为P222或Pmmm,Z=2。Li~8-2x(SiO~4)~2-x(SO~4)~x是在953℃由包晶反应形成的新相.随着温度的降低,相区扩大,在室湿x=0.96-0.58.该相属正交晶系,空间群为Pmmn,Z=2.晶体的点阵常数在x=0.8时有一定最大值,a=5.002A,b=6.173A, c=10.608A.Li~g-2x(SiO~4)~2-x(SO~4)~x在空气中能吸收7.6wt%的水蒸汽和其他气体,脱水温度高于350℃,水份的吸脱不改变晶体结构,与沸石分子筛具有相似性质,脱水激活能为171.5kJ/mol.熔化后的Li~2SO~4-MgSO~4和Li~2SO~4-Li~4SiO~4试样以10℃/min速率降温,分别形成亚稳态共晶体系。     

高效液相色谱手性固定相的研究 IV. (L,L)-二肽叔丁酰胺型手性固定相拆分α-氨基烃基膦酸衍生物对映异构体

本文制备了十种新型(L,L)-二肽叔丁酰胺型键合硅胶手性固定相, 并将其用于高效液相色谱拆分外消旋α-氨基烃基膦酸衍生物。实验结果表明拆分效果良好。本文就固定相及α-氨基烃基膦酸衍生物的结构对拆分效果的影响进行了,讨论并对拆分机制进地了初步探讨。     

可溶性聚合物在有机合成中的应用研究

概述了液相合成中所使用的可溶性聚合物性质、类型、特点,以及可溶性聚合物在合成肽、低聚苷酸、寡糖、杂环化合物、催化剂、试剂及小分子物质等方面的应用。     

超声波辐射下固-液相转移催化法合成N-(α -萘乙酰基)-N'- 芳基硫脲化合物

利用超声波辐射固－液相转移催化法合成了十三种未见文献报道的N(α-萘乙酰基)-N'-芳基硫脲新化合物,并经IR,1^HNMR,13^CNMR和元素分析确定了它们的结构。初步考查它们对玉米生长的促进作用,初步生物活性实验结果表明所有合成的化合物在(0.1～10)×10^-6的浓度内对玉米的根部生长具有显著的促进作用,部分化合物对玉米的幼苗具有促生长作用。     

Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Structure Formation in Polymer Blends

The peculiarities of reaction-induced phase separation and the structure formation in semi- and full interpenetrating polymer networks and in the blends of linear polymers formed in situ are analyzed. It is shown that for most of these systems phase separation proceeds viathe spinodal decomposition mechanism resulting in the formation of interconnected spatially periodic structures. The possible ways for the structure regulation of the composites produced are considered.     

Phase separation at the fiber–matrix interface in composites based on a thermoplastic/polyester blend

A study of the microstructure developing at the surface of glass fibers in a poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)/polyester blend is presented. Three different experimental methods are used: a technique based on the Wilhelmy method to measure the wettability of the fibers before curing, and both optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy in the pulsed-force mode to characterize potential phases splitting at the fiber–matrix interface after curing. It was found that, depending on the curing conditions and the concentration in PVAc, the surface treatment of the fiber could have a significant influence on the microstructure. For a concentration in PVAc lower than 5 wt% and a curing temperature of 80°C, extreme cases, such as the development of layers of one of the phases at the surface or the formation of lenses of one phase, were observed. In other cases, in particular for elevated temperatures and higher concentrations in PVAc, the fibers did not exert a significant influence on the morphology. It was also found that in such a reactive system, surface tension considerations alone are insufficient to explain the configuration of the phases at the surface of the fibers.